GMS 6504 LATEST EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PDF 2026
▶ what are the functions of the digestive system. Answer: process and
digest food
absorb and conserve water
breakdown sugar, proteins, fats
store energy reserves
generate heat for body temp.
▶ what structures are involved in chewing. Answer: tongue
teeth
oral cavity
▶ what structures are involved in the GI tract. Answer: esophagus
liver
pancreas
▶ what are the three layers of the esophagus. Answer: folded at rest
mucosa-inner layer
connective tissues, mucous glands-middle
smooth muscle-outer layer
▶ what happens in the inner layer of the stomach. Answer: secretion of
gastric juice
(mucous, digestive enzyme, HCl)
▶ what is the volume of intestinal juices secreted daily. Answer: 6.5-8
Liters
▶ how much water is lost in the feces each day>. Answer: 100 mL per day
(most juice will be reabsorbed)
▶ what is the role of the villi in the small intestine. Answer: to increase
surface area of the intestine to help with absorbing carbs, proteins, and fats
,▶ why is the intestine rich in blood vessels?. Answer: to help generate
more juice
▶ what percent of the population is obese?. Answer: 1/3
▶ what is the highest risk factor for hypertension?. Answer: obesity
▶ what happens during gastric bypass surgery>. Answer: upper stomach
is cut and reconnected to the small intestine
most of the stomach is bypassed
▶ what are the major organs of the cardiovascular system. Answer: heart
blood
blood vessels
▶ what are the functions of the cardiovascular system. Answer: distribute
blood cells, water, dissolved materials like waste, nutrients, oxygen, CO2
distribute heat to control body temp.
▶ what are the four most common spots to feel the pulse in the body.
Answer: brachial artery
radial artery
common carotid artery
superficial temporal artery
▶ where is the heart located in the body. Answer: inside thoracic cavity
protected by ribs
▶ how does blood flow through the heart. Answer: starts in right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve to pulmonary artery
lungs to get oxygen
pulmonary vein
left atrium
bicuspid/mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve to aorta
body
, ▶ what is the smallest type of vessel in the body. Answer: capillaries
▶ what happens when there is reduced coronary artery blood flow.
Answer: heart attack
▶ what are the two types of heart attacks. Answer: angina pectoris
myocardial infarction (more common)
▶ when a pacemaker is placed in the body, where is it located. Answer:
right atrium to right ventricle
▶ what are the major organs of the respiratory system. Answer: nasal
cavities, sinuses, larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs, alveoli
▶ what are the major functions of the respiratory system. Answer: delivers
air to alveoli
provides oxygen to bloodstream
remove carbon dioxide
produce sounds for communication
▶ which side of the lung has 3 lobes?. Answer: the right lung
▶ why can we not hold our breath for a long time. Answer: brain peripheral
control center sends CO2 level and moves diaphragm overriding voluntary
control
▶ what are the major organs of the renal/urinary system. Answer: kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
▶ what are the major functions of the renal and urinary system. Answer:
excrete waste products
control water balance
store urine until votary excretion
regulate blood ion concentrations and pH
▶ what are the main components to look for in urine. Answer: glucose
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PDF 2026
▶ what are the functions of the digestive system. Answer: process and
digest food
absorb and conserve water
breakdown sugar, proteins, fats
store energy reserves
generate heat for body temp.
▶ what structures are involved in chewing. Answer: tongue
teeth
oral cavity
▶ what structures are involved in the GI tract. Answer: esophagus
liver
pancreas
▶ what are the three layers of the esophagus. Answer: folded at rest
mucosa-inner layer
connective tissues, mucous glands-middle
smooth muscle-outer layer
▶ what happens in the inner layer of the stomach. Answer: secretion of
gastric juice
(mucous, digestive enzyme, HCl)
▶ what is the volume of intestinal juices secreted daily. Answer: 6.5-8
Liters
▶ how much water is lost in the feces each day>. Answer: 100 mL per day
(most juice will be reabsorbed)
▶ what is the role of the villi in the small intestine. Answer: to increase
surface area of the intestine to help with absorbing carbs, proteins, and fats
,▶ why is the intestine rich in blood vessels?. Answer: to help generate
more juice
▶ what percent of the population is obese?. Answer: 1/3
▶ what is the highest risk factor for hypertension?. Answer: obesity
▶ what happens during gastric bypass surgery>. Answer: upper stomach
is cut and reconnected to the small intestine
most of the stomach is bypassed
▶ what are the major organs of the cardiovascular system. Answer: heart
blood
blood vessels
▶ what are the functions of the cardiovascular system. Answer: distribute
blood cells, water, dissolved materials like waste, nutrients, oxygen, CO2
distribute heat to control body temp.
▶ what are the four most common spots to feel the pulse in the body.
Answer: brachial artery
radial artery
common carotid artery
superficial temporal artery
▶ where is the heart located in the body. Answer: inside thoracic cavity
protected by ribs
▶ how does blood flow through the heart. Answer: starts in right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve to pulmonary artery
lungs to get oxygen
pulmonary vein
left atrium
bicuspid/mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve to aorta
body
, ▶ what is the smallest type of vessel in the body. Answer: capillaries
▶ what happens when there is reduced coronary artery blood flow.
Answer: heart attack
▶ what are the two types of heart attacks. Answer: angina pectoris
myocardial infarction (more common)
▶ when a pacemaker is placed in the body, where is it located. Answer:
right atrium to right ventricle
▶ what are the major organs of the respiratory system. Answer: nasal
cavities, sinuses, larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs, alveoli
▶ what are the major functions of the respiratory system. Answer: delivers
air to alveoli
provides oxygen to bloodstream
remove carbon dioxide
produce sounds for communication
▶ which side of the lung has 3 lobes?. Answer: the right lung
▶ why can we not hold our breath for a long time. Answer: brain peripheral
control center sends CO2 level and moves diaphragm overriding voluntary
control
▶ what are the major organs of the renal/urinary system. Answer: kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
▶ what are the major functions of the renal and urinary system. Answer:
excrete waste products
control water balance
store urine until votary excretion
regulate blood ion concentrations and pH
▶ what are the main components to look for in urine. Answer: glucose
