and Correct Answers Latest update 2026
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Seed Treatment - correct answerChemical or biological substances that are applied to
seeds or vegetative propagation materials to control disease organisms; control insects;
and other pests.
Seed Treatment Pesticides - correct answerBactericides, fungicides, insecticides,
growth regulators, and herbicide antidotes
Reasons for seed treatment - correct answerseed production, low test weight, bad
germ, stand issues, precise populations, seeds expensive, high yield potential, seed is
thought to carry seedborne pathogens
NON seed treatments - correct answerSeed-applied nutrients that do not perform a pest
control function.
Grain Treatments - correct answerPesticides intended to protect stored food or feed
grain
Seed Treatment Benefits - correct answerControl pests; Precision targeting; Low Dose;
Convenient to use
Seed Treatment Risks - correct answerAccidental poisoning; cropping restrictions;
limited dose capacity; limited duration of protection; limited shelf life of treated seed;
Phytotoxicity (Pesticide injury); workers exposure
Integrated Pest Management - correct answerAn agricultural practice that uses a variety
of techniques designed to minimize pesticide inputs
Seedborne Pathogens - correct answerOn the surface of the seed; hidden in the cracks
or crevices; infections deep inside the intact seed
Systemic - correct answer(non-contact) Protect aboveground parts from sucking insects
such as: aphids and foliar disease rust; root rot
Non-systemic - correct answer(contact) Form a chemical barrier over the surface of the
seed; protects from chewing insects such as: wireworms and soilborne pathogens such
as Pythium
10-14 days - correct answerSeeds treatments only last this many days beyond planting
, Stress - correct answerHeavy rains, crusted soils, compaction, deep planting, cool oil,
very dry soils, post-emergence herbicides
Alternatives or supplements to seed treatments - correct answerCertified Seed; Fertility
Management; Planting date; Soil-applied and postemergence sprays; Variety
Resistance; Volunteer Control
Not adequately controlled with seed treatment - correct answer-Pesticides with
appropriate activity are not available
-there is little or no systemic activity in the plant tissues
-There is only limited or no product movement in the expanding root zone
-the product does not persist long enough to control the pest
-the effective rate may simply be too expensive or may be phytotoxic to the seed or
seedling
Seed and seedling diseases - correct answerFungal disease; Bacterial diseases; Viral
diseases; Insect Pests
Fungal diseases - correct answerFungi small organisms made of filaments called
Hyphae
-fungi use non-living plant or animal material for nutrients and serve an important role in
recycling organ matter in environment
-feed off living plants, resulting in disease
-reproduce by microscopic spores
-spores are spread by wind, rain, insects, seeds, farm equipment, and runoff
-clean plowing and crop rotation
-seed treatments can be used to control or suppress many seedborne, soilborne, and
early-season diseases
Common bunt - correct answer(sticking smut or covered smut)
-fungus infects the wheat coleoptile before emergence
-control by the use of resistant varieties, clean seed, and seed treatment fungicides
Foliar diseases - correct answerPowdery mildew
-cottony white fungal growth on leaves
Rust Pustules
-orange and consist of thousands of spores erupting through the plant epidermis
Leaf Blotch
-consist of irregular, tan to reddish-brown blotches with gray-brown blotches with gray-
brown to ash-colored centers often surrounded by a yellow margin
Fusarium - correct answer-Pathogens
-Corn - seedling roots ranged from a very slightly-brownish or black discoloration to
completely rotted roots