ATPL MASS & BALANCE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is specific gravity? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -the ratio of the density of a
liquid to the density of water at +4'C
What does All-Up Mass (AUM) comprise of? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -Basic
Empty Mass (BEM); Variable Load (VL); Traffic Load (TL) & Fuel (F)
What is the Basic Empty Mass (BEM)? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -The empty,
clean aircraft with:
any unusable fuel;
full quantity of operating liquids (such as hydraulic fluid & engine oil);
safety equipment (fire extinguishers, flares emergency oxygen and survival equipment
as appropriate);
Supplementary electronic equipment
How may an aircraft be weighed? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -Within a enclosed
hanger with doors closed and air conditioning turned off
On a weigh bridge or by using load cells at a minimum of 3 jacking points
Only items forming part of the BEM are included
When may standard masses be used? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -For the weight
of each passenger. crew member and luggage, depending on the number of aircraft
passenger seats
What does IR-OPS state that an operator must determine? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✅✅ -The loading, mass and aircraft CG complies with limitations specified in the
AFM, POH or the operations manual
The mass of all operating items and crew members (and their effectiveness on aircraft
CG), included in the aircraft's DOM by weighing or using standard masses
The mass of the TL (including any ballast) by weighing, or determine the mass of the TL
in accordance with standard passenger and baggage masses
The mass of the fuel load using the actual density or, if not known, the density
calculated in accordance both method specified in the Operations manual
The Operations Manual specifies principles and methods involved in loading and mass
and balance systems to be used, to cover all types of intended operations
, What does the Variable Load include? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -The crew and
their baggage;
The catering and other removable passenger service equipment;
Food, beverages and potable (drinking) water;
Lavatory chemicals, and any other special operational equipment
What is Traffic Load? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -Total mass of passengers,
baggage and cargo, specialist equipment, ballast and any non-revenue load
What is fuel and what are it's components? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -The
useable fuel in tanks, includes:
Taxi Fuel
Trip Fuel
Contingency Fuel
Alternate Fuel
Final Reserve Fuel
Extra Fuel
Additional Fuel
What is the requirement for Final Reserve Fuel? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -
Jet/Turbine Engine: 30 minutes @ 1500ft
Piston Engine: 45 minutes @ 1500ft
Anything below this is classed as a Fuel emergency
What is Take-Off Mass? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -Mass of an aircraft at the
start of take-off run from the departure airport
What is Landing Mass? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -Mass of an aircraft at
touchdown at the destination airport
What is the Ramp/Taxi Mass? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -The mass of an aircraft
before the engine starts
What is Gross (In-flight) Mass? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -The mass of the
aircraft at any point during flight
What are the two types of Maximum Masses and what is the lowest of them known as?
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -Maximum Structurally limited mass and Performance
limited mass.
Regulated Mass
What Maximum structural Masses are there? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -
Ramp/Taxi Mass
Take-Off Mass
In-flight Mass
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is specific gravity? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -the ratio of the density of a
liquid to the density of water at +4'C
What does All-Up Mass (AUM) comprise of? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -Basic
Empty Mass (BEM); Variable Load (VL); Traffic Load (TL) & Fuel (F)
What is the Basic Empty Mass (BEM)? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -The empty,
clean aircraft with:
any unusable fuel;
full quantity of operating liquids (such as hydraulic fluid & engine oil);
safety equipment (fire extinguishers, flares emergency oxygen and survival equipment
as appropriate);
Supplementary electronic equipment
How may an aircraft be weighed? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -Within a enclosed
hanger with doors closed and air conditioning turned off
On a weigh bridge or by using load cells at a minimum of 3 jacking points
Only items forming part of the BEM are included
When may standard masses be used? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -For the weight
of each passenger. crew member and luggage, depending on the number of aircraft
passenger seats
What does IR-OPS state that an operator must determine? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✅✅ -The loading, mass and aircraft CG complies with limitations specified in the
AFM, POH or the operations manual
The mass of all operating items and crew members (and their effectiveness on aircraft
CG), included in the aircraft's DOM by weighing or using standard masses
The mass of the TL (including any ballast) by weighing, or determine the mass of the TL
in accordance with standard passenger and baggage masses
The mass of the fuel load using the actual density or, if not known, the density
calculated in accordance both method specified in the Operations manual
The Operations Manual specifies principles and methods involved in loading and mass
and balance systems to be used, to cover all types of intended operations
, What does the Variable Load include? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -The crew and
their baggage;
The catering and other removable passenger service equipment;
Food, beverages and potable (drinking) water;
Lavatory chemicals, and any other special operational equipment
What is Traffic Load? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -Total mass of passengers,
baggage and cargo, specialist equipment, ballast and any non-revenue load
What is fuel and what are it's components? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -The
useable fuel in tanks, includes:
Taxi Fuel
Trip Fuel
Contingency Fuel
Alternate Fuel
Final Reserve Fuel
Extra Fuel
Additional Fuel
What is the requirement for Final Reserve Fuel? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -
Jet/Turbine Engine: 30 minutes @ 1500ft
Piston Engine: 45 minutes @ 1500ft
Anything below this is classed as a Fuel emergency
What is Take-Off Mass? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -Mass of an aircraft at the
start of take-off run from the departure airport
What is Landing Mass? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -Mass of an aircraft at
touchdown at the destination airport
What is the Ramp/Taxi Mass? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -The mass of an aircraft
before the engine starts
What is Gross (In-flight) Mass? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -The mass of the
aircraft at any point during flight
What are the two types of Maximum Masses and what is the lowest of them known as?
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -Maximum Structurally limited mass and Performance
limited mass.
Regulated Mass
What Maximum structural Masses are there? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅ -
Ramp/Taxi Mass
Take-Off Mass
In-flight Mass
