NUR 1212C Exam 3 – Study Guide and Exam Review Material
S/S of PE: - ✔✔sudden onset dyspnea, sharp stabbing chest pain, tachycardia, crackles,
diaphoresis, distended neck veins, hypotension
Labs for PE: - ✔✔BMP, troponin, BNP, d-dimer, ABG, CBC, PTT
What’s used to diagnose a PE? - ✔✔pulmonary angiography
Left sided heart failure causes (and name), s/s: - ✔✔CHF: hypertension, CAD, valve disease
s/s: decreased perfusion, pulmonary congestion, edema
systolic heart failure - ✔✔heart cannot contract well in systole (forward failure)
-blood accumulates in the pulmonary blood vessels
-preload and afterload increases
diastolic heart failure - ✔✔left ventricle cannot relax well enough which prevents the ventricle
from filling with adequate amounts of blood
-typically ejection fracture stays above 40% (unlike systolic heart failure) but more pressure is
needed to pump
Right sided heart failure causes - ✔✔left sided heart failure, right ventricular MI, pulmonary
hypertension, structural changes in heart
, -right ventricle cannot empty completely resulting in increased volume and pressure which
leads to peripheral edema
Main s/s left sided heart failure: - ✔✔fatigue, weakness, nocturia, angina, pulmonary
congestion, cool extremities, weak periphereal pulses, S3 S4 summation gallop, frothy pink
sputum, tachycardia
Main s/s right sided heart failure: - ✔✔jugular vein distention, systemic congestion, enlarged
liver and spleen, anorexia, dependent edema, distended abdomen, weight gain, polyuria at
night, swollen hands and fingers
surgical management for heart failure - ✔✔• Ventricular assist device
• Partial left ventriculectomy
• Endoventricular circular patch cardioplasty
• Acorn cardiac support device
myosplint
Drugs patients with heart failure should avoid: - ✔✔NSAIDs (with the exception of aspirin due
to its blood thinning effects) because NSAIDs can cause sodium and fluid retention
tonic-clonic seizures - ✔✔last 2-5 minutes, stiffening -> loss of consciousness -> jerking of all
extremities
tonic seizures - ✔✔increased in muscle tone -> loss of consciousness
clonic seizure - ✔✔lasts sever minutes and causes muscle contractions
S/S of PE: - ✔✔sudden onset dyspnea, sharp stabbing chest pain, tachycardia, crackles,
diaphoresis, distended neck veins, hypotension
Labs for PE: - ✔✔BMP, troponin, BNP, d-dimer, ABG, CBC, PTT
What’s used to diagnose a PE? - ✔✔pulmonary angiography
Left sided heart failure causes (and name), s/s: - ✔✔CHF: hypertension, CAD, valve disease
s/s: decreased perfusion, pulmonary congestion, edema
systolic heart failure - ✔✔heart cannot contract well in systole (forward failure)
-blood accumulates in the pulmonary blood vessels
-preload and afterload increases
diastolic heart failure - ✔✔left ventricle cannot relax well enough which prevents the ventricle
from filling with adequate amounts of blood
-typically ejection fracture stays above 40% (unlike systolic heart failure) but more pressure is
needed to pump
Right sided heart failure causes - ✔✔left sided heart failure, right ventricular MI, pulmonary
hypertension, structural changes in heart
, -right ventricle cannot empty completely resulting in increased volume and pressure which
leads to peripheral edema
Main s/s left sided heart failure: - ✔✔fatigue, weakness, nocturia, angina, pulmonary
congestion, cool extremities, weak periphereal pulses, S3 S4 summation gallop, frothy pink
sputum, tachycardia
Main s/s right sided heart failure: - ✔✔jugular vein distention, systemic congestion, enlarged
liver and spleen, anorexia, dependent edema, distended abdomen, weight gain, polyuria at
night, swollen hands and fingers
surgical management for heart failure - ✔✔• Ventricular assist device
• Partial left ventriculectomy
• Endoventricular circular patch cardioplasty
• Acorn cardiac support device
myosplint
Drugs patients with heart failure should avoid: - ✔✔NSAIDs (with the exception of aspirin due
to its blood thinning effects) because NSAIDs can cause sodium and fluid retention
tonic-clonic seizures - ✔✔last 2-5 minutes, stiffening -> loss of consciousness -> jerking of all
extremities
tonic seizures - ✔✔increased in muscle tone -> loss of consciousness
clonic seizure - ✔✔lasts sever minutes and causes muscle contractions
