M116 Final Questions With Complete Solutions
1 complete dna turn Correct Answers 36 A
2 forces drive bases to interact with each other Correct Answers
1.ring stacking - hydrophobic, pi-pi interactions (non specific)
2.hydrogen-bonding (specific)
5' cap function Correct Answers - Stabilizes mRNA
- Directs the ribosomes to start translating at the first start codon
-docking
5EU Correct Answers Helps with RNA synthesis monitoring
A DNA characteristics Correct Answers GC rich
A tracts Correct Answers defines extent of curve
bending and groove spacing
transcriptional regulation, replication and recombination
A-DNA Correct Answers A complex molecule containing the
genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.
A-DNA is usually formed under conditions where the DNA is
dehydrated
activator Correct Answers A protein that binds to DNA and
stimulates gene transcription. In prokaryotes, activators bind in
or near the promoter; in eukaryotes, activators generally bind to
control elements in enhancers. SR proteins
,ADAR Correct Answers - Adenosine deaminase acting on
RNA
- Catalyzes the conversion of adenine to inosine
- This causes one codon to be translated differently
-glutamate to arginine
ADAR Correct Answers Adenosine Deaminase Acting on
RNA and binds z dna
Adenine structure Correct Answers 2 ring NH2 sticking out
alylation Correct Answers sites on the basis that are subject to
alylation include the double bonds, so the carbons where there's
a double bond or alcohol or amines or rings
can happen with UV damage
B-DNA Correct Answers Right-handed helical structure of
DNA that exists when water is abundant; the secondary structure
described by Watson and Crick and probably the most common
DNA structure in cells.
B-DNA characteristics Correct Answers AT rich
Minor grove has A tracts
B-DNA vs A-DNA form Correct Answers B form no slide or
roll
A form slide and roll
Base Correct Answers Adenine
guanine
Thymine
, Cytosine
Uracil
base excision repair Correct Answers -fixes non-deforming
lesions of the DNA helix by removing the base leaving an
apurinic/apyrimidinic site (AP)
-AP endonuclease removes the damaged sequence which is can
be filled in w/ the correct bases by DNA polymerase (strand is
sealed by DNA ligase)
-Used to correct cytosine deamination
* loss of amino group from cytosine resulting in conversion of
cytosine to uracil
base readout Correct Answers when the protein recognizes the
specific chemical signatures of different nucleic acid bases.
Shape readout is the recognition of the shape of DNA
sequences. hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic effects
Base stacking Correct Answers hydrophobic and pi-pi
Benzopyrene mechanism Correct Answers Benzopyrene is
inert but is hydrophobic and builds up in lipids. Cytochrome
P450 hydroxylates to make water soluble. It is very reactive and
can intercalate DNA guanine
beta clamp Correct Answers Protein complex that allows the
DNA polymerase to remain in position for replication
1 complete dna turn Correct Answers 36 A
2 forces drive bases to interact with each other Correct Answers
1.ring stacking - hydrophobic, pi-pi interactions (non specific)
2.hydrogen-bonding (specific)
5' cap function Correct Answers - Stabilizes mRNA
- Directs the ribosomes to start translating at the first start codon
-docking
5EU Correct Answers Helps with RNA synthesis monitoring
A DNA characteristics Correct Answers GC rich
A tracts Correct Answers defines extent of curve
bending and groove spacing
transcriptional regulation, replication and recombination
A-DNA Correct Answers A complex molecule containing the
genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.
A-DNA is usually formed under conditions where the DNA is
dehydrated
activator Correct Answers A protein that binds to DNA and
stimulates gene transcription. In prokaryotes, activators bind in
or near the promoter; in eukaryotes, activators generally bind to
control elements in enhancers. SR proteins
,ADAR Correct Answers - Adenosine deaminase acting on
RNA
- Catalyzes the conversion of adenine to inosine
- This causes one codon to be translated differently
-glutamate to arginine
ADAR Correct Answers Adenosine Deaminase Acting on
RNA and binds z dna
Adenine structure Correct Answers 2 ring NH2 sticking out
alylation Correct Answers sites on the basis that are subject to
alylation include the double bonds, so the carbons where there's
a double bond or alcohol or amines or rings
can happen with UV damage
B-DNA Correct Answers Right-handed helical structure of
DNA that exists when water is abundant; the secondary structure
described by Watson and Crick and probably the most common
DNA structure in cells.
B-DNA characteristics Correct Answers AT rich
Minor grove has A tracts
B-DNA vs A-DNA form Correct Answers B form no slide or
roll
A form slide and roll
Base Correct Answers Adenine
guanine
Thymine
, Cytosine
Uracil
base excision repair Correct Answers -fixes non-deforming
lesions of the DNA helix by removing the base leaving an
apurinic/apyrimidinic site (AP)
-AP endonuclease removes the damaged sequence which is can
be filled in w/ the correct bases by DNA polymerase (strand is
sealed by DNA ligase)
-Used to correct cytosine deamination
* loss of amino group from cytosine resulting in conversion of
cytosine to uracil
base readout Correct Answers when the protein recognizes the
specific chemical signatures of different nucleic acid bases.
Shape readout is the recognition of the shape of DNA
sequences. hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic effects
Base stacking Correct Answers hydrophobic and pi-pi
Benzopyrene mechanism Correct Answers Benzopyrene is
inert but is hydrophobic and builds up in lipids. Cytochrome
P450 hydroxylates to make water soluble. It is very reactive and
can intercalate DNA guanine
beta clamp Correct Answers Protein complex that allows the
DNA polymerase to remain in position for replication
