PSYB10: Final Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions.
hindsight bias - Answer the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would
have foreseen it
theory - Answer a body of related propositions intended to describe some aspect of the
world
attitude - Answer positive or negative evaluations that predispose behavior toward an
object, person, or situation
modern racism - Answer prejudice directed at racial groups that exists alongside the
rejection of explicitly racist beliefs
social facilitation - Answer the effect, positive or negative of the presence of others on
performance
communal relationship - Answer individuals feel a special responsibility for each other and
give and receive according to the principle of need; often long-term (i.e. close friends, family)
social influence - Answer the many ways people affect one another, including changes in
attitudes, beliefs, feelings, and behaviour resulting from the comments, actions, or even the
mere presence of others
Elaboration Likelihood Model - Answer a model of persuasion that maintains that there are
two different routes of persuasion: the central route and the peripheral route
emotion - Answer a brief, specific response, both psychological and physiological, that helps
people meet goals, including social goals
explanatory style - Answer a person's habitual way of explaining events, typically assessed
along three dimensions: internal/external, stable/unstable, and global/specific
pluralistic ignorance - Answer the case in which people think that everyone else is
interpreting a situation in a certain way, when in fact they are not
self schema - Answer beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of self-
relevant information
,social psychology - Answer the scientific study of feelings, thoughts, and behaviours of
individuals in social situations
correlational research - Answer research that examines the relationships between variables,
whose purpose is to examine whether and how two variables change together
overjustification effect - Answer the effect of promising a reward for doing what one already
likes to do. The person may now see the reward, rather than intrinsic interest, as the motivation
for performing the task
artifact - Answer a spurious research result arising from a faulty method of investigation
dominant response - Answer what you're most likely to do in a situation
exchange relationship - Answer individuals feel little responsibility toward one another;
giving and receiving are governed by concerns about equity and reciprocity; often short-term
(i.e. boss and employee)
ideomotor action - Answer merely thinking about a behaviour makes performing it more
likely; brain regions responsible for perception overlap with those responsible for action
Heuristic-Systematic Model - Answer a model of persuasion that maintains that there are
two different routes of persuasion: the systematic route and the heuristic route
appraisal process - Answer evaluating events and objects in the environment based on their
relation to current goals; primary (fast) and secondary (reasoning) stages
consensus - Answer what most people would do in a given situation
primacy effect - Answer information presented first has the most influence
reflected self-appraisal - Answer a belief about what others think of one's self
Stanford Prison Experiment - Answer Philip Zimbardo in 1971, there was a mock prison in a
basement at Stanford where 24 men acted as either a prisoner or a guard. Guards immediately
turned to verbal abuse and physical humiliation, similar to Abu Ghraib. Only lasted 6 days due to
extreme stress in prisoners. Zimbardo found that situational factors powerfully affect human
behavior.
, experimental research - Answer randomly assigns people to different conditions and allows
researches to make strong inferences about how these different conditions affect behaviour
central (systematic) route - Answer occurs when people think carefully and deliberately
about the content of a persuasive message, attending to its logic and strength, as well as to
related evidence and principles; better for long-lasting change
implicit association test - Answer a technique for revealing non-conscious prejudices toward
particular groups
evaluation apprehension - Answer a concern about how you appear to others, or how you
might be evaluated by them
social exchange theory - Answer how people feel about a relationship depends on how they
see its costs and rewards
informational social influence - Answer relying on other people's comments and actions as
an indication of what's likely to be correct, proper, or effective
Darwin's Emotional Expression Theory - Answer universal, resembles that of other species,
encoded by evolutionary processes
system justification theory - Answer the theory that people are motivated to see the existing
sociopolitical system as desirable, fair, and legitimate
distinctiveness - Answer how the person's behaviour varies from one situation to another
recency effect - Answer information presented last has the most influence
working self-concept - Answer a subset of self-knowledge that is brought to mind in a
particular context
Hannah Arendt - Answer banality of evil; argued any of us are capable of performing acts of
brutality
third variable - Answer in correlational research, a variable that exerts a causal influence on
both variable 1 and variable 2
Complete Solutions.
hindsight bias - Answer the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would
have foreseen it
theory - Answer a body of related propositions intended to describe some aspect of the
world
attitude - Answer positive or negative evaluations that predispose behavior toward an
object, person, or situation
modern racism - Answer prejudice directed at racial groups that exists alongside the
rejection of explicitly racist beliefs
social facilitation - Answer the effect, positive or negative of the presence of others on
performance
communal relationship - Answer individuals feel a special responsibility for each other and
give and receive according to the principle of need; often long-term (i.e. close friends, family)
social influence - Answer the many ways people affect one another, including changes in
attitudes, beliefs, feelings, and behaviour resulting from the comments, actions, or even the
mere presence of others
Elaboration Likelihood Model - Answer a model of persuasion that maintains that there are
two different routes of persuasion: the central route and the peripheral route
emotion - Answer a brief, specific response, both psychological and physiological, that helps
people meet goals, including social goals
explanatory style - Answer a person's habitual way of explaining events, typically assessed
along three dimensions: internal/external, stable/unstable, and global/specific
pluralistic ignorance - Answer the case in which people think that everyone else is
interpreting a situation in a certain way, when in fact they are not
self schema - Answer beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of self-
relevant information
,social psychology - Answer the scientific study of feelings, thoughts, and behaviours of
individuals in social situations
correlational research - Answer research that examines the relationships between variables,
whose purpose is to examine whether and how two variables change together
overjustification effect - Answer the effect of promising a reward for doing what one already
likes to do. The person may now see the reward, rather than intrinsic interest, as the motivation
for performing the task
artifact - Answer a spurious research result arising from a faulty method of investigation
dominant response - Answer what you're most likely to do in a situation
exchange relationship - Answer individuals feel little responsibility toward one another;
giving and receiving are governed by concerns about equity and reciprocity; often short-term
(i.e. boss and employee)
ideomotor action - Answer merely thinking about a behaviour makes performing it more
likely; brain regions responsible for perception overlap with those responsible for action
Heuristic-Systematic Model - Answer a model of persuasion that maintains that there are
two different routes of persuasion: the systematic route and the heuristic route
appraisal process - Answer evaluating events and objects in the environment based on their
relation to current goals; primary (fast) and secondary (reasoning) stages
consensus - Answer what most people would do in a given situation
primacy effect - Answer information presented first has the most influence
reflected self-appraisal - Answer a belief about what others think of one's self
Stanford Prison Experiment - Answer Philip Zimbardo in 1971, there was a mock prison in a
basement at Stanford where 24 men acted as either a prisoner or a guard. Guards immediately
turned to verbal abuse and physical humiliation, similar to Abu Ghraib. Only lasted 6 days due to
extreme stress in prisoners. Zimbardo found that situational factors powerfully affect human
behavior.
, experimental research - Answer randomly assigns people to different conditions and allows
researches to make strong inferences about how these different conditions affect behaviour
central (systematic) route - Answer occurs when people think carefully and deliberately
about the content of a persuasive message, attending to its logic and strength, as well as to
related evidence and principles; better for long-lasting change
implicit association test - Answer a technique for revealing non-conscious prejudices toward
particular groups
evaluation apprehension - Answer a concern about how you appear to others, or how you
might be evaluated by them
social exchange theory - Answer how people feel about a relationship depends on how they
see its costs and rewards
informational social influence - Answer relying on other people's comments and actions as
an indication of what's likely to be correct, proper, or effective
Darwin's Emotional Expression Theory - Answer universal, resembles that of other species,
encoded by evolutionary processes
system justification theory - Answer the theory that people are motivated to see the existing
sociopolitical system as desirable, fair, and legitimate
distinctiveness - Answer how the person's behaviour varies from one situation to another
recency effect - Answer information presented last has the most influence
working self-concept - Answer a subset of self-knowledge that is brought to mind in a
particular context
Hannah Arendt - Answer banality of evil; argued any of us are capable of performing acts of
brutality
third variable - Answer in correlational research, a variable that exerts a causal influence on
both variable 1 and variable 2
