PSYB55 Review Exam Questions with
Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2025-2026
Updated.
Stroop task - Answer cognitive interference where delay in reaction time bc mismatch w
stimuli
word and colour
introspection - Answer examine yourself and ur conscious thoughts and feelings
within thinking
structuralism - Answer taking a complex phenomenon and breaking it down into make
makes it what it is
behaviourism - Answer human behaviour, associated learning emphasized
rejected mind (can't see it, cant study)
drawback: not understanding genesis of mental behaviour
doesn't consider motivations, moods, fears and desires
based on conditioning
cognitivism - Answer rejected notion that only behaviour should be studied
mind and processing info important
2 types: serial and parallel models
serial model - Answer step by step
if thinking was like this, processing would be very slow
(cognitivism)
parallel - Answer multiple steps happen simultaneously
(cognitivism)
usage and utility - Answer mental resources are limited, cant be aware of everything
some stuff enter some dont
(cognitivism)
,variability in cognition - Answer within-subject differences: I am great with faces but not
with names-> mental abilities within self
between subject differences: I might be good at faces but Robia isnt -> mental abilities differ
between us
flexibility - Answer mental abilities change
ex, worse: brain damage
Edwin smith papyrus - Answer how to treat trauma back in days
open skull to relieve pressure
was this paper thing with 48 cases some w brain injury
hinted at localization
inkling that mind comes from brain and diff parts of brain do stuff
cardiac hypothesis - Answer mind comes from heart
thought brain was really insignificant and heart seen as seat of intelligence
alcamaeon of croton/galen: brain hypothesis - Answer brain is what the mind is
heart gives brain oxygen
rationalism - Answer pursuit of truth through reasoning
descartes
monism/dualism - Answer rationalism... he believed mind and brain relationship, each diff
things
thought pineal gland was special bc is directly in middle of brain
thought pineal gland was the interphase between brain and soul
(don't need brain for reflexes though ac... brain can control reflexes)
rationalism incorrect
neuron doctrine - Answer rejection of Golgi's syncytium proposal
synapse and neural communication
saying brain made up of cytoplasm but the saying brain made of neutrons, separated by
synapses
REALITY: brain communicates w neutrons w synapses
,aggregate field theory - Answer 1/2 competition theories of brain organization
thinking all brain works together to do what's done
no specialization
localization of function - Answer 1/2 competition theories of brain organization
different parts specialize in certain things
phrenology - Answer wrong
think bigger area, more associated w ability
not true bc lets say u become more moral, nothing is growing bc skull
brodman's map - Answer mapped cerebral cortex
just shows layering arrangement
evidence for localization - Answer Paul broca, wernicke
john Jackson (Jacksonian march, said aboral mental state may result from structural brain
damage)
Enfield (brain mapping w electrocortical stimulation of brain surface -> electrode pass current
to brain area and see what happens
Phineas Gage(iron rod), patient hm(removed temporal lobe, anterograde amnesia)
Alexander luria - Answer whole-person view of brain injury
brain areas work together: NETWORKS
see brain injury as person
stressed not all brain areas are equal
non-human studies - Answer animal lesion study to see effect on behaviour
functional imaging techniques - Answer reveal physiological activity in the brain. e.g.
PET,SPECT, EEG, fMRI
human lesion studies - Answer look at brains with brain injuries and see how this alternation
affects function
cognition - Answer models how thinking works
, neuroscience - Answer allows us to see how brain gives rise to thinking
which parts of brain are used when problem solving
developmental cognitive neuroscience - Answer how mind and brain change over time
social cog neuroscience - Answer how and why we're social and do what we do
self-monitoring in social situations
cultural cognitive neuroscience - Answer display rules and emotion regulation
tries to understand the effect culture has on brain function
clinical cognitive neuro - Answer understanding changes in mind and the brain associated w
psychological illness
rehabilitation cognitive neuro - Answer how brain repairs after trauma
glial cells - Answer hold brain together but also communicative properties:
astrocytes, microglial cells, Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes
astrocytes - Answer incredibly flexible
blood-brain barrier
respond to brain damage
microglial cells - Answer eat dying/dead neurons so they dont become a problem
Schwann/oligodendrocytes - Answer Myelinate/insulate axon: helps faster
neurotransmission
motorneurons - Answer send motor signals
sensory neurons - Answer absorb sensory information
(chemoreceptors absorb taste)
interneurons - Answer can communication all kinds of info
what u see, decision u make, how valuable something is
Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2025-2026
Updated.
Stroop task - Answer cognitive interference where delay in reaction time bc mismatch w
stimuli
word and colour
introspection - Answer examine yourself and ur conscious thoughts and feelings
within thinking
structuralism - Answer taking a complex phenomenon and breaking it down into make
makes it what it is
behaviourism - Answer human behaviour, associated learning emphasized
rejected mind (can't see it, cant study)
drawback: not understanding genesis of mental behaviour
doesn't consider motivations, moods, fears and desires
based on conditioning
cognitivism - Answer rejected notion that only behaviour should be studied
mind and processing info important
2 types: serial and parallel models
serial model - Answer step by step
if thinking was like this, processing would be very slow
(cognitivism)
parallel - Answer multiple steps happen simultaneously
(cognitivism)
usage and utility - Answer mental resources are limited, cant be aware of everything
some stuff enter some dont
(cognitivism)
,variability in cognition - Answer within-subject differences: I am great with faces but not
with names-> mental abilities within self
between subject differences: I might be good at faces but Robia isnt -> mental abilities differ
between us
flexibility - Answer mental abilities change
ex, worse: brain damage
Edwin smith papyrus - Answer how to treat trauma back in days
open skull to relieve pressure
was this paper thing with 48 cases some w brain injury
hinted at localization
inkling that mind comes from brain and diff parts of brain do stuff
cardiac hypothesis - Answer mind comes from heart
thought brain was really insignificant and heart seen as seat of intelligence
alcamaeon of croton/galen: brain hypothesis - Answer brain is what the mind is
heart gives brain oxygen
rationalism - Answer pursuit of truth through reasoning
descartes
monism/dualism - Answer rationalism... he believed mind and brain relationship, each diff
things
thought pineal gland was special bc is directly in middle of brain
thought pineal gland was the interphase between brain and soul
(don't need brain for reflexes though ac... brain can control reflexes)
rationalism incorrect
neuron doctrine - Answer rejection of Golgi's syncytium proposal
synapse and neural communication
saying brain made up of cytoplasm but the saying brain made of neutrons, separated by
synapses
REALITY: brain communicates w neutrons w synapses
,aggregate field theory - Answer 1/2 competition theories of brain organization
thinking all brain works together to do what's done
no specialization
localization of function - Answer 1/2 competition theories of brain organization
different parts specialize in certain things
phrenology - Answer wrong
think bigger area, more associated w ability
not true bc lets say u become more moral, nothing is growing bc skull
brodman's map - Answer mapped cerebral cortex
just shows layering arrangement
evidence for localization - Answer Paul broca, wernicke
john Jackson (Jacksonian march, said aboral mental state may result from structural brain
damage)
Enfield (brain mapping w electrocortical stimulation of brain surface -> electrode pass current
to brain area and see what happens
Phineas Gage(iron rod), patient hm(removed temporal lobe, anterograde amnesia)
Alexander luria - Answer whole-person view of brain injury
brain areas work together: NETWORKS
see brain injury as person
stressed not all brain areas are equal
non-human studies - Answer animal lesion study to see effect on behaviour
functional imaging techniques - Answer reveal physiological activity in the brain. e.g.
PET,SPECT, EEG, fMRI
human lesion studies - Answer look at brains with brain injuries and see how this alternation
affects function
cognition - Answer models how thinking works
, neuroscience - Answer allows us to see how brain gives rise to thinking
which parts of brain are used when problem solving
developmental cognitive neuroscience - Answer how mind and brain change over time
social cog neuroscience - Answer how and why we're social and do what we do
self-monitoring in social situations
cultural cognitive neuroscience - Answer display rules and emotion regulation
tries to understand the effect culture has on brain function
clinical cognitive neuro - Answer understanding changes in mind and the brain associated w
psychological illness
rehabilitation cognitive neuro - Answer how brain repairs after trauma
glial cells - Answer hold brain together but also communicative properties:
astrocytes, microglial cells, Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes
astrocytes - Answer incredibly flexible
blood-brain barrier
respond to brain damage
microglial cells - Answer eat dying/dead neurons so they dont become a problem
Schwann/oligodendrocytes - Answer Myelinate/insulate axon: helps faster
neurotransmission
motorneurons - Answer send motor signals
sensory neurons - Answer absorb sensory information
(chemoreceptors absorb taste)
interneurons - Answer can communication all kinds of info
what u see, decision u make, how valuable something is
