PSYB55 - Final Exam Questions All
Correct Answers.
Declarative Memory refers to - Answer conscious memory (i.e. facts we have learned -
semantic memory, and events we have experienced - episodic memory)
Non-conscious that cannot be verbally reported; expressed through performance (procedural
memory) - Answer Nondeclarative Memory
The Three Levels of Memory Processing are: - Answer (1) Encoding
(2) Storage
(3) Retrieval
The level where incoming information and experiences are processed creating memory traces is
called: - Answer Encoding
What two sub-processes occur during encoding? - Answer (1) Acquisition
(2) Consolidation
This Encoding sub-process refers to when stimuli are available for processing (or sensory buffer)
where only certain stimuli are sustained and acquired by short-term memory: - Answer
Acquisition
Consolidation refers to when: - Answer memory becomes stabilized over time due to
changes in the brain resulting in long-term memory
This stage of memory processing involves the accessing of stored memory traces that may aid in
decision making and achieving a target goal: - Answer Retrieval
The collective term for memory deficits and loss which can result from brain damage due to
surgery, disease, physical trauma: - Answer Amnesia
Anterograde amnesia: - Answer the inability to learn new things/form new memories
This type of amnesia is temporally limited and underlies a loss of memory for events and
knowledge that occurred before a lesion or other physiological trauma - Answer Retrogade
Amnesia
,Advancements in Neuroscience from patient H.M revealed that the Medial Temporal Lobe is
necessary for: - Answer the formation of long-term memories (ONLY)
The umbrella term for the loss of cognitive function in different domains including memory
beyond what is expected in normal aging - Answer Dementia
This type of Dementia is caused by decreased oxygenation of neural tissue and cell death
caused by ischemic or hemorrhagic infarcts, rupture of small arterial vessels in the brain
associated with diabetes, and rupture of cerebral arteries caused by aggregate of beta-amyloid
plaques in vessel walls weakening them. - Answer Vascular Dementia
Frontotemporal lobar dementia refers to the - Answer accumulation of different proteins
only in frontal and temporal lobes resulting in language and behavioural changes
Atkinson-Shiffrin Model - Answer sensory memory, working memory, long-term memory
In the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory, sensory refers to: - Answer the expansive capacity
for receiving a variety of new stimuli at once within a short time window mediated by the
selectivity of attention
In the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory, working memory refers to: - Answer - the mental
workspace where information that has been selected is processed a few chunks at a time
- working memory is where old and new memories are integrated
The core component of memory is the: - Answer working memory
In the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory, Long-term memory refers to: - Answer the
permanent store of stimuli that are processed in the working memory through the process of
encoding
Baddeley's model of working memory: - Answer central executive- coordinates sub systems,
selective attention and inhibition, task shifting
visuospatial sketchpad- temporary store of spatial and visual information, links to semantic
visual memory
phonological loop- processing verbal info, short-term store, auditory rehearsal, links to semantic
verbal memory
, episodic buffer- integrate information across domains (links to episodic memory and links to
LTM) + timestamp sequences of events from the past
According to Baddeley's Model of Working Memory, when transferred into Long-Term Memory,
Visuospatial Sketchpad, Episodic Buffer, Phonological Loop each become: - Answer
Visuospatial Sketchpad -- Visual Semantics
Phonological Loop -- Language
Episodic Buffer -- Episodic LTM
The Central Executive portion of Working Memory is located at the: - Answer dorsolateral
prefrontal cortex
According to D'Esposito et al.'s metanalysis, the PFC is involved in Working Memory in two
ways: - Answer Left PFC: verbal tasks (auditory)
Right PFC: spatial and visual tasks (visuospatial)
According to D'Esposito et al.'s metanalysis, the Medial Lateral PFC is involved in: - Answer
maintaining AND manipulating information to solve a problem
According to D'Esposito et al.'s metanalysis, the Inferior Ventral Lateral PFC is involved ONLY in: -
Answer maintaining the information in the mind in both hemispheres
What did Bauer & Fuster's Signal & Noise experiment on non-human primates entail about
WM? - Answer Cooling the Prefrontal Cortex showed dramatic impact in WM performance
than cooling other parts like the parietal
What were the methods in Bauer & Fuster's experiment? - Answer (1) Delayed match-to-
sample task: train subject until the task is learned
(2) use Ice pack to cool PFC to slow down neural activity within that portion of the brain
Bauer & Fuster's 'Cooling Experiment' targeted the release of what neurotransmitter that
travels to parts of the PFC? - Answer Dopamine
Correct Answers.
Declarative Memory refers to - Answer conscious memory (i.e. facts we have learned -
semantic memory, and events we have experienced - episodic memory)
Non-conscious that cannot be verbally reported; expressed through performance (procedural
memory) - Answer Nondeclarative Memory
The Three Levels of Memory Processing are: - Answer (1) Encoding
(2) Storage
(3) Retrieval
The level where incoming information and experiences are processed creating memory traces is
called: - Answer Encoding
What two sub-processes occur during encoding? - Answer (1) Acquisition
(2) Consolidation
This Encoding sub-process refers to when stimuli are available for processing (or sensory buffer)
where only certain stimuli are sustained and acquired by short-term memory: - Answer
Acquisition
Consolidation refers to when: - Answer memory becomes stabilized over time due to
changes in the brain resulting in long-term memory
This stage of memory processing involves the accessing of stored memory traces that may aid in
decision making and achieving a target goal: - Answer Retrieval
The collective term for memory deficits and loss which can result from brain damage due to
surgery, disease, physical trauma: - Answer Amnesia
Anterograde amnesia: - Answer the inability to learn new things/form new memories
This type of amnesia is temporally limited and underlies a loss of memory for events and
knowledge that occurred before a lesion or other physiological trauma - Answer Retrogade
Amnesia
,Advancements in Neuroscience from patient H.M revealed that the Medial Temporal Lobe is
necessary for: - Answer the formation of long-term memories (ONLY)
The umbrella term for the loss of cognitive function in different domains including memory
beyond what is expected in normal aging - Answer Dementia
This type of Dementia is caused by decreased oxygenation of neural tissue and cell death
caused by ischemic or hemorrhagic infarcts, rupture of small arterial vessels in the brain
associated with diabetes, and rupture of cerebral arteries caused by aggregate of beta-amyloid
plaques in vessel walls weakening them. - Answer Vascular Dementia
Frontotemporal lobar dementia refers to the - Answer accumulation of different proteins
only in frontal and temporal lobes resulting in language and behavioural changes
Atkinson-Shiffrin Model - Answer sensory memory, working memory, long-term memory
In the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory, sensory refers to: - Answer the expansive capacity
for receiving a variety of new stimuli at once within a short time window mediated by the
selectivity of attention
In the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory, working memory refers to: - Answer - the mental
workspace where information that has been selected is processed a few chunks at a time
- working memory is where old and new memories are integrated
The core component of memory is the: - Answer working memory
In the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory, Long-term memory refers to: - Answer the
permanent store of stimuli that are processed in the working memory through the process of
encoding
Baddeley's model of working memory: - Answer central executive- coordinates sub systems,
selective attention and inhibition, task shifting
visuospatial sketchpad- temporary store of spatial and visual information, links to semantic
visual memory
phonological loop- processing verbal info, short-term store, auditory rehearsal, links to semantic
verbal memory
, episodic buffer- integrate information across domains (links to episodic memory and links to
LTM) + timestamp sequences of events from the past
According to Baddeley's Model of Working Memory, when transferred into Long-Term Memory,
Visuospatial Sketchpad, Episodic Buffer, Phonological Loop each become: - Answer
Visuospatial Sketchpad -- Visual Semantics
Phonological Loop -- Language
Episodic Buffer -- Episodic LTM
The Central Executive portion of Working Memory is located at the: - Answer dorsolateral
prefrontal cortex
According to D'Esposito et al.'s metanalysis, the PFC is involved in Working Memory in two
ways: - Answer Left PFC: verbal tasks (auditory)
Right PFC: spatial and visual tasks (visuospatial)
According to D'Esposito et al.'s metanalysis, the Medial Lateral PFC is involved in: - Answer
maintaining AND manipulating information to solve a problem
According to D'Esposito et al.'s metanalysis, the Inferior Ventral Lateral PFC is involved ONLY in: -
Answer maintaining the information in the mind in both hemispheres
What did Bauer & Fuster's Signal & Noise experiment on non-human primates entail about
WM? - Answer Cooling the Prefrontal Cortex showed dramatic impact in WM performance
than cooling other parts like the parietal
What were the methods in Bauer & Fuster's experiment? - Answer (1) Delayed match-to-
sample task: train subject until the task is learned
(2) use Ice pack to cool PFC to slow down neural activity within that portion of the brain
Bauer & Fuster's 'Cooling Experiment' targeted the release of what neurotransmitter that
travels to parts of the PFC? - Answer Dopamine
