SPH-K 409: Exam III Study Guide
Questions with Actual Detailed
Answers.
Body temperature is a balance between ___ and ___. - Answer heat gain, heat loss
Heat gain is due to ___ and ___. - Answer environment, metabolic heat production
Heat loss is due to four factors: ___, ___, ___, and ___. - Answer conduction, convection,
radiation, evaporation
conduction - Answer heat transfer due to contact with another object
convection - Answer heat transfer due to a movement of a fluid past your body (air
temperature greater than body temperature)
radiation - Answer electromagnetic property of heat transfer (stand in the sun)
evaporation - Answer heat loss due to converting water into gas (sweating)
You can gain heat through ___. - Answer conduction, radiation, convection
Which mechanism contributes most to body heat loss at rest? - Answer radiation
During exercise on a normal day, under normal conditions, which mechanism contributes most
to body heat loss? - Answer evaporation
What is a situation where you could not lose heat effectively through evaporation? - Answer
high humidity (air is saturated with water vapor, cannot evaporate water off your skin) (100%
humidity, will lose most heat through convection)
If the air temperature is greater than body temperature, which mechanism becomes unable to
"dump" heat from the body - and in fact gains heat from the environment? - Answer
convection
If the humidity of the air is very high, which mechanism will have a decreased capacity to
"dump" heat from the body? - Answer evaporation
,Which mechanisms of heat loss are GREATLY affected by exercise in water compared to air?
Which mechanism of heat loss is greatly affected by the wind velocity? - Answer convection,
evaporation, convection
Is it easier to heat up air or water? - Answer Air (lose more heat in 72 degree water vs air)
Sports that "competitive velocity" plays a factor in heat loss? - Answer cycling, rowing,
downhill skiing
Ideal environmental conditions for endurance exercise (marathon)? - Answer 50 degrees
(would not have to dump so much heat through sweat)
Ideal environmental conditions for a sprint/power (short term) exercise event? - Answer
warmer than 75 degrees
core body temperature (Tcore or Tr) - Answer typically measured as rectal temperature (can
also be measured as esophageal temperature or tympanic membrane temperature)
skin temperature (Tskin) - Answer usually will be a weighted sum of the sites that are
measured by thermistors (not all skin sites will have the same temperatures)
Control of body temperature: ___ send information to the ___ in the brain. - Answer
thermoreceptors, hypothalamus
The hypothalamus acts as the body's ___. - Answer thermostat (with a set point) (it activates
mechanisms that regulate thermoregulatory mechanisms)
A body can physiologically control body temperature through ___, ___, ___, and ___. - Answer
shiver (involuntary muscle contractions generate heat), sweat, vasoconstriction (keep blood
flow confined to core)/vasodilation (when hot, more blood to extremities, greater surface area
for convective heat loss), hormonal regulation (nonshivering thermogenesis, thyroid)
A key thermoregulatory mechanism of the body is ___. - Answer behavior adjustments
(jacket, fan)
Negative physiological effects of exercise in the heat: ___, ___, ___, ___, and ___. - Answer
increased HR @ any workload, increased plasma volume loss due to sweat (decrease venous
return, decrease preload, decrease stroke volume), increase blood flow to skin (and less to
, muscle), greater glycogen use rate), change ability of certain enzymes to function properly
(denature)
Sweating and vasodilation have ___ consequences for endurance exercise exercise
performance. - Answer negative
heat acclimatization - Answer gradual improvement in the body's ability to eliminate excess
body heat during exercise
Positive adaptations with heat acclimatization: plasma volume ___. - Answer expands (more
water is stored)
Positive adaptations with heat acclimatization: sweating starts ___ in exercise. - Answer
earlier
Positive adaptations with heat acclimatization: combination of sweating and plasma volume
adaptations means ___ blood flow is directed ___ the muscles ___ the ___ for cooling. - Answer
less, away from, to, skin (more O2 is delivered to the muscles)
Positive adaptations with heat acclimatization: sweat is ___ dilute. - Answer more
(preserving more of the body's mineral stores)
Positive adaptations with heat acclimatization: muscle glycogen use rate ___ by ___%. - Answer
declines, 50-60
Positive adaptations with heat acclimatization: body temperature is ___ during exercise. -
Answer reduced (the rise in temperature is attenuated)
Positive adaptations with heat acclimatization: HR at any workload is ___. - Answer reduced
True or false: heat acclimatization can be achieved by sitting in a sauna. - Answer false (only
occurs with exercise)
True or false: even in a cold environment, exercise promotes a heat acclimatization effect. -
Answer true
The rate and completeness of heat acclimatization is dependent upon ___, ___ and ___. -
Answer environmental temperature, intensity of exercise, amount/duration of exercise bout
Questions with Actual Detailed
Answers.
Body temperature is a balance between ___ and ___. - Answer heat gain, heat loss
Heat gain is due to ___ and ___. - Answer environment, metabolic heat production
Heat loss is due to four factors: ___, ___, ___, and ___. - Answer conduction, convection,
radiation, evaporation
conduction - Answer heat transfer due to contact with another object
convection - Answer heat transfer due to a movement of a fluid past your body (air
temperature greater than body temperature)
radiation - Answer electromagnetic property of heat transfer (stand in the sun)
evaporation - Answer heat loss due to converting water into gas (sweating)
You can gain heat through ___. - Answer conduction, radiation, convection
Which mechanism contributes most to body heat loss at rest? - Answer radiation
During exercise on a normal day, under normal conditions, which mechanism contributes most
to body heat loss? - Answer evaporation
What is a situation where you could not lose heat effectively through evaporation? - Answer
high humidity (air is saturated with water vapor, cannot evaporate water off your skin) (100%
humidity, will lose most heat through convection)
If the air temperature is greater than body temperature, which mechanism becomes unable to
"dump" heat from the body - and in fact gains heat from the environment? - Answer
convection
If the humidity of the air is very high, which mechanism will have a decreased capacity to
"dump" heat from the body? - Answer evaporation
,Which mechanisms of heat loss are GREATLY affected by exercise in water compared to air?
Which mechanism of heat loss is greatly affected by the wind velocity? - Answer convection,
evaporation, convection
Is it easier to heat up air or water? - Answer Air (lose more heat in 72 degree water vs air)
Sports that "competitive velocity" plays a factor in heat loss? - Answer cycling, rowing,
downhill skiing
Ideal environmental conditions for endurance exercise (marathon)? - Answer 50 degrees
(would not have to dump so much heat through sweat)
Ideal environmental conditions for a sprint/power (short term) exercise event? - Answer
warmer than 75 degrees
core body temperature (Tcore or Tr) - Answer typically measured as rectal temperature (can
also be measured as esophageal temperature or tympanic membrane temperature)
skin temperature (Tskin) - Answer usually will be a weighted sum of the sites that are
measured by thermistors (not all skin sites will have the same temperatures)
Control of body temperature: ___ send information to the ___ in the brain. - Answer
thermoreceptors, hypothalamus
The hypothalamus acts as the body's ___. - Answer thermostat (with a set point) (it activates
mechanisms that regulate thermoregulatory mechanisms)
A body can physiologically control body temperature through ___, ___, ___, and ___. - Answer
shiver (involuntary muscle contractions generate heat), sweat, vasoconstriction (keep blood
flow confined to core)/vasodilation (when hot, more blood to extremities, greater surface area
for convective heat loss), hormonal regulation (nonshivering thermogenesis, thyroid)
A key thermoregulatory mechanism of the body is ___. - Answer behavior adjustments
(jacket, fan)
Negative physiological effects of exercise in the heat: ___, ___, ___, ___, and ___. - Answer
increased HR @ any workload, increased plasma volume loss due to sweat (decrease venous
return, decrease preload, decrease stroke volume), increase blood flow to skin (and less to
, muscle), greater glycogen use rate), change ability of certain enzymes to function properly
(denature)
Sweating and vasodilation have ___ consequences for endurance exercise exercise
performance. - Answer negative
heat acclimatization - Answer gradual improvement in the body's ability to eliminate excess
body heat during exercise
Positive adaptations with heat acclimatization: plasma volume ___. - Answer expands (more
water is stored)
Positive adaptations with heat acclimatization: sweating starts ___ in exercise. - Answer
earlier
Positive adaptations with heat acclimatization: combination of sweating and plasma volume
adaptations means ___ blood flow is directed ___ the muscles ___ the ___ for cooling. - Answer
less, away from, to, skin (more O2 is delivered to the muscles)
Positive adaptations with heat acclimatization: sweat is ___ dilute. - Answer more
(preserving more of the body's mineral stores)
Positive adaptations with heat acclimatization: muscle glycogen use rate ___ by ___%. - Answer
declines, 50-60
Positive adaptations with heat acclimatization: body temperature is ___ during exercise. -
Answer reduced (the rise in temperature is attenuated)
Positive adaptations with heat acclimatization: HR at any workload is ___. - Answer reduced
True or false: heat acclimatization can be achieved by sitting in a sauna. - Answer false (only
occurs with exercise)
True or false: even in a cold environment, exercise promotes a heat acclimatization effect. -
Answer true
The rate and completeness of heat acclimatization is dependent upon ___, ___ and ___. -
Answer environmental temperature, intensity of exercise, amount/duration of exercise bout
