SPH K 212: Exam 2 Practice Questions
with Solved Solutions 2025-2026
Updated.
Phases of Motor Learning - Answer cognitive, associative, autonomous
Cognitive - Answer 1.Focus on understanding of new skill
2.Develop a motor program
3.Unable to extend focus outside of task
4.Many errors
5.Relies heavily on vision
6.Duration: minutes to much longer
7.Beginning of a new skill process
8.Lots of focus from individual
Associative - Answer 1.Focus on refining the skill → trying to become accurate and
eventually consistent
2.Skills become more proprioceptive → perception of movement and spatial orientation arising
from internal mechanical receptors
3.Less reliant on vision
4.Duration: days to years of practice
Autonomous - Answer 1.Mastery of the skill
2.Requires little thought
3.Don't have to give yourself cues
4.Your muscle itself doesn't remember anything
Trait Anxiety - Answer when a person has a predisposition to being stressed/anxious
State Anxiety - Answer when a person develops stress/anxiety in a particular situation
Performance Anxiety Curve - Answer Different tasks require different arousal levels
Individual differences
Difficult (low) → medium (medium) → easy (high)
Optimal level of arousal for performance
, Attentional Focus - Answer a person's characteristic style of monitoring bodily symptoms,
emotions, and overall well-being
Attentional--Association - Answer monitoring bodily function and feeling → elite performers
focus on the present
Attentional--Dissociation - Answer distraction or tuning out feeling → non-elite performers
focus on past or future
Motivation - Answer driving force for completing a task
Motivation: Intrinsic - Answer want to be the best i can be
Motivation: Extrinsic - Answer could be that you want to win → "i want to beat everyone" →
money
Motor Learning:Explicit - Answer person gives directions → coach/instructor focus
Motor Learning:Implicit - Answer little to no instruction given → better performed under
pressure → skill tends to be maintained over time ("it's like riding a bike")
Motor Control in the Brain: Motor cortex - Answer voluntary control area
Motor Control in the Brain: Basal Ganglia - Answer organize motor signal and modify if
needed
Motor Control in the Brain: Cerebellum - Answer coordinates complex movement with
sensory information
Neuron: label parts - Answer ...
Potentials are - Answer Resting, Graded, Action
resting potential - Answer Sodium kept outside of cell
70 mV (inside negative)
Potassium kept inside of cell
with Solved Solutions 2025-2026
Updated.
Phases of Motor Learning - Answer cognitive, associative, autonomous
Cognitive - Answer 1.Focus on understanding of new skill
2.Develop a motor program
3.Unable to extend focus outside of task
4.Many errors
5.Relies heavily on vision
6.Duration: minutes to much longer
7.Beginning of a new skill process
8.Lots of focus from individual
Associative - Answer 1.Focus on refining the skill → trying to become accurate and
eventually consistent
2.Skills become more proprioceptive → perception of movement and spatial orientation arising
from internal mechanical receptors
3.Less reliant on vision
4.Duration: days to years of practice
Autonomous - Answer 1.Mastery of the skill
2.Requires little thought
3.Don't have to give yourself cues
4.Your muscle itself doesn't remember anything
Trait Anxiety - Answer when a person has a predisposition to being stressed/anxious
State Anxiety - Answer when a person develops stress/anxiety in a particular situation
Performance Anxiety Curve - Answer Different tasks require different arousal levels
Individual differences
Difficult (low) → medium (medium) → easy (high)
Optimal level of arousal for performance
, Attentional Focus - Answer a person's characteristic style of monitoring bodily symptoms,
emotions, and overall well-being
Attentional--Association - Answer monitoring bodily function and feeling → elite performers
focus on the present
Attentional--Dissociation - Answer distraction or tuning out feeling → non-elite performers
focus on past or future
Motivation - Answer driving force for completing a task
Motivation: Intrinsic - Answer want to be the best i can be
Motivation: Extrinsic - Answer could be that you want to win → "i want to beat everyone" →
money
Motor Learning:Explicit - Answer person gives directions → coach/instructor focus
Motor Learning:Implicit - Answer little to no instruction given → better performed under
pressure → skill tends to be maintained over time ("it's like riding a bike")
Motor Control in the Brain: Motor cortex - Answer voluntary control area
Motor Control in the Brain: Basal Ganglia - Answer organize motor signal and modify if
needed
Motor Control in the Brain: Cerebellum - Answer coordinates complex movement with
sensory information
Neuron: label parts - Answer ...
Potentials are - Answer Resting, Graded, Action
resting potential - Answer Sodium kept outside of cell
70 mV (inside negative)
Potassium kept inside of cell
