Exam 1: NUR160/ NUR 160 (Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) Nursing Fundamentals: Exam Questions and Verified Answers with Detailed Rationales| Complete Test Bank| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions) – Hondros

INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD — This official comprehensive test bank for NUR 160 Exam 1 at Hondros College of Nursing covers Nursing Fundamentals for the 2026/2027 academic year first examination. It features exam questions with verified answers and detailed rationales in multiple-choice, select-all-that-apply (SATA), ordered response, and clinical judgment formats aligned with practical nursing program standards and the NCLEX Test Plan. NURSING FUNDAMENTALS CORE CONCEPTS (EXAM 1 FOCUS) HISTORY OF NURSING Question 1: Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale is known for her contributions to nursing during which war? A) World War I B) The Crimean War C) The American Civil War D) World War II Correct Answer: B Rationale: Florence Nightingale () is considered the founder of modern nursing. She gained prominence during the Crimean War (), where she led a team of nurses to care for British soldiers. She significantly reduced mortality rates by improving sanitation, ventilation, and hygiene practices. Her work laid the foundation for evidence-based practice and nursing education. She established the first scientifically based nursing school at St. Thomas' Hospital in London in 1860. Question 2: Clara Barton Clara Barton is best known for founding which organization? A) The American Nurses Association B) The American Red Cross C) The Frontier Nursing Service D) The National League for Nursing Correct Answer: B Rationale: Clara Barton () served as a nurse during the American Civil War, providing care to wounded soldiers on the battlefield. After the war, she traveled to Europe and learned about the International Red Cross. She returned to the United States and founded the American Red Cross in 1881, serving as its first president. Her work established disaster relief and humanitarian aid as a nursing function. Question 3: Mary Mahoney Mary Eliza Mahoney is historically recognized for: A) Developing the first public health nursing program B) Becoming the first African American professional nurse in the United States C) Establishing the Army Nurse Corps D) Creating the first diploma nursing program Correct Answer: B Rationale: Mary Eliza Mahoney () was the first African American to graduate from a nursing school in the United States, receiving her diploma from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1879. She was a pioneer for diversity in nursing and co-founded the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN) in 1908, which later merged with the American Nurses Association. She advocated for equal opportunities for African American nurses. Question 4: Lillian Wald Lillian Wald is credited with founding which nursing innovation? A) Nurse practitioner role B) Public health nursing and the Henry Street Settlement C) The first intensive care unit D) The use of electronic health records Correct Answer: B Rationale: Lillian Wald () is considered the founder of public health nursing. She established the Henry Street Settlement in New York City in 1893, which provided nursing services to poor immigrant communities. She coined the term "public health nurse" and pioneered school nursing. Her work demonstrated the value of community-based nursing care and led to the development of the Visiting Nurse Service of New York. Question 5: Isabel Hampton Robb Isabel Hampton Robb is known for her contributions to: A) Establishing the first nursing school in the United States B) Developing standardized nursing education curricula and founding the American Nurses Association and National League for Nursing C) Creating the first nursing informatics system D) Discovering the cause of puerperal fever Correct Answer: B Rationale: Isabel Hampton Robb () was a nursing educator and leader who standardized nursing education curricula, introducing graded instruction and examinations. She was a founder of the American Nurses Association (ANA) in 1896 and the National League for Nursing Education (now NLN). She promoted professional standards for nursing and wrote extensively on nursing ethics and education. Question 6: Dorothea Dix American Red Cross founder and Civil War nurse, Dorothea Dix, was also known for her pioneering work in which area? A) Surgical nursing techniques B) The reform of mental health and prison systems C) Developing the first nursing theory D) Establishing nurse practitioner programs Correct Answer: B Rationale: Before her work as Superintendent of Army Nurses during the Civil War (appointed 1861), Dorothea Dix () conducted a national investigation of the treatment of individuals with mental illness. Her advocacy led to the establishment of 32 state hospitals for the mentally ill and reforms in prison conditions. She is considered a pioneer in mental health and psychiatric nursing, as well as humanitarian reform. Question 7: Linda Richards Linda Richards is considered "America's First Trained Nurse" for: A) Being the first nurse to earn a PhD in nursing B) Graduating from the first Nightingale-style nursing school in the United States C) Establishing the military nursing corps D) Developing the concept of nursing diagnosis Correct Answer: B Rationale: Linda Richards () graduated from the Boston Training School for Nurses (later Massachusetts General Hospital School of Nursing) in 1873, which was one of the first Nightingale-model nursing schools in the United States. She is known as "America's First Trained Nurse." She later organized nursing schools and introduced nursing documentation (keeping written records of patient care). NURSE PRACTICE ACT AND LEGAL SCOPE Question 8: Nurse Practice Act A nurse is reviewing the Nurse Practice Act of the state where they are employed. Which action by the nurse would be outside the scope of practice as defined by the Nurse Practice Act? A) Administering medications as prescribed by a healthcare provider B) Delegating tasks to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) according to facility policy C) Performing a surgical procedure independently without physician supervision D) Providing patient education on disease management and preventive care Correct Answer: C Rationale: The Nurse Practice Act in each state defines the legal scope of practice for nurses, which includes medication administration, patient education, and appropriate delegation. Performing surgical procedures independently is beyond the nursing scope of practice and requires a physician or advanced practice provider. The Nurse Practice Act protects the public by ensuring that nurses practice within their defined competencies and legal boundaries. NPs may assist in surgery but not independently perform surgery. Question 9: Good Samaritan Law A nurse is off duty and witnesses a motor vehicle accident. They stop to assist an injured person. Which statement accurately reflects the protection offered by Good Samaritan laws? A) The nurse is protected from liability as long as they act within their scope of practice and without gross negligence B) The nurse is immune from all lawsuits regardless of their actions C) The nurse is only protected if they identify themselves as a nurse before providing care D) Good Samaritan laws only protect physicians and emergency medical personnel Correct Answer: A Rationale: Good Samaritan laws protect healthcare professionals (and laypersons) from civil liability when they provide emergency care at the scene of an accident, provided they act reasonably, within the scope of their training, and without gross negligence or willful misconduct. The nurse must not expect compensation for their services. These laws are designed to encourage bystanders to assist in emergencies without fear of legal repercussions; however, they do not protect against gross negligence or willful/wanton misconduct. Question 10: Patient Self-Determination Act Which situation would be a violation of the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)? A) A nurse respects a patient's advance directive and does not perform CPR as requested B) A hospital fails to provide written information about advance directives upon admission C) A patient is allowed to refuse a blood transfusion based on religious beliefs D) A healthcare proxy is consulted when the patient is incapacitated Correct Answer: B Rationale: The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) (1990) requires healthcare facilities that receive Medicare and Medicaid funding to inform patients in writing of their rights to make healthcare decisions, including the right to accept or refuse treatment and the right to formulate advance directives (living will, durable power of attorney for healthcare). Failure to provide this information upon admission is a direct violation of the PSDA. The law supports patient autonomy and self-determination, recognizing that competent adults have the legal right to make healthcare choices, including the right to refuse life-sustaining treatment. Question 11: Informed Consent A nurse is witnessing a patient sign an informed consent form for a surgical procedure. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate? A) Explaining the risks and benefits of the procedure to the patient B) Ensuring the patient understands the information provided by the physician and is signing voluntarily C) Deciding whether the patient is competent to consent D) Persuading the patient to sign if they are unsure about the procedure Correct Answer: B Rationale: The nurse's role in informed consent is to: (1) witness the patient's signature, (2) verify that the patient appears to understand the information provided by the physician, (3) confirm that the consent is given voluntarily without coercion, and (4) ensure the patient has had the opportunity to ask questions