PHYSICS
GRADE 10 SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL 4TH QUARTER
● Reflected Ray – ray leaving the mirror
Topic Overview ● Normal line – imaginary line
perpendicular to the mirror
I. Light and Mirrors
A. Plane Mirrors
1 B. Curved Mirrors
C. Image Formation
II. Lenses
A. Type of Lenses
2 B. Optical Formulas
C. Optical Instruments
III. Electromagnetic Waves
A. Properties and Equations
- Plane mirror images are always virtual,
3 B. EM SPectrum
upright, and non-magnified
C. Effects
4 IV. Radioactivity
5 V. Motors and Generators
LIGHTS & MIRRORS
★ Law of Reflection: Angle of incidence =
Plane Mirrors
angle of reflection
● Flat mirror with reflective surface
Curved Mirrors
➢ Reflection: Bouncing off of light rays
when they hit a surface like a mirror
★ Specular/Regular Concave Convex
○ Smooth, flat surface Inward Outward
○ All rays reflect at the
same angle Converging mirror Diverging mirror
★ Diffuse/Irregular
○ Rough surface ★ Parts
○ Random directions
Ray Diagram
Center of Center of the sphere the
- A ray diagram is a representation of the Curvature (C) mirror is part of
possible paths light can take to get from
one place to another.
- tool that can be used in locating and Focal Point (F) Point between C and the
identifying the qualitative characteristics vertex
of images formed by curved mirrors
- This is often from a source or object to an
Vertex (V) Geometric center of the
observer or screen.
mirror
● Incident Ray – approaching ray
Molirae Yuri 1
, PHYSICS
GRADE 10 SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL 4TH QUARTER
➢ Refraction
○ Bending of the light as it travels
from one ,medium to another of ★ Curved Mirrors
different densities 1. Concave Mirror - Real Image
○ Happens when light rays that - Used if object is beyond
initially travel through the air F
pass through a lens
★ Principal Rays
2. Concave Mirror - Virtual Image
a. If object is between V
and F
3. Convex Mirror
a. Only one case
Image Formation
★ Plane Mirrors
- Images formed by a plane mirror are LOTS of Concave Mirrors
virtual and appear behind the mirror.
- The image is upright with no vertical Object L O T S
(top-to-bottom) inversion. The image Anywhere on
shows lateral inversion, where left and B/w V & F the virtual Upright Virtual Magnified
right are reversed. side
- The object distance is equal to the image No
At F At infinity No image No image
distance & is the same size as the object. image
Molirae Yuri 2
GRADE 10 SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL 4TH QUARTER
● Reflected Ray – ray leaving the mirror
Topic Overview ● Normal line – imaginary line
perpendicular to the mirror
I. Light and Mirrors
A. Plane Mirrors
1 B. Curved Mirrors
C. Image Formation
II. Lenses
A. Type of Lenses
2 B. Optical Formulas
C. Optical Instruments
III. Electromagnetic Waves
A. Properties and Equations
- Plane mirror images are always virtual,
3 B. EM SPectrum
upright, and non-magnified
C. Effects
4 IV. Radioactivity
5 V. Motors and Generators
LIGHTS & MIRRORS
★ Law of Reflection: Angle of incidence =
Plane Mirrors
angle of reflection
● Flat mirror with reflective surface
Curved Mirrors
➢ Reflection: Bouncing off of light rays
when they hit a surface like a mirror
★ Specular/Regular Concave Convex
○ Smooth, flat surface Inward Outward
○ All rays reflect at the
same angle Converging mirror Diverging mirror
★ Diffuse/Irregular
○ Rough surface ★ Parts
○ Random directions
Ray Diagram
Center of Center of the sphere the
- A ray diagram is a representation of the Curvature (C) mirror is part of
possible paths light can take to get from
one place to another.
- tool that can be used in locating and Focal Point (F) Point between C and the
identifying the qualitative characteristics vertex
of images formed by curved mirrors
- This is often from a source or object to an
Vertex (V) Geometric center of the
observer or screen.
mirror
● Incident Ray – approaching ray
Molirae Yuri 1
, PHYSICS
GRADE 10 SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL 4TH QUARTER
➢ Refraction
○ Bending of the light as it travels
from one ,medium to another of ★ Curved Mirrors
different densities 1. Concave Mirror - Real Image
○ Happens when light rays that - Used if object is beyond
initially travel through the air F
pass through a lens
★ Principal Rays
2. Concave Mirror - Virtual Image
a. If object is between V
and F
3. Convex Mirror
a. Only one case
Image Formation
★ Plane Mirrors
- Images formed by a plane mirror are LOTS of Concave Mirrors
virtual and appear behind the mirror.
- The image is upright with no vertical Object L O T S
(top-to-bottom) inversion. The image Anywhere on
shows lateral inversion, where left and B/w V & F the virtual Upright Virtual Magnified
right are reversed. side
- The object distance is equal to the image No
At F At infinity No image No image
distance & is the same size as the object. image
Molirae Yuri 2
