BIOLOGY
GRADE 10 SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL 4TH QUARTER
● Development and growth
Topic Overview ● Metabolism of food items
● Sexual function and reproductive growth
I. Endocrine System
and health
A. Hormones and
● Cognitive function and mood
1 Functions
● Maintenance of body temperature and
B. Major Endocrine Glands
thirst
II. Feedback Mechanisms
A. Positive Feedback
2 B. Negative Feedback Major Endocrine Glands
C. Differences
III. Reproductive System
Gland
A. Male Reproductive
3 System
Pituitary Master gland; controls and regulates
B. Female Reproductive
System Gland other glands in the body
Pea-sized gland that is located at the
IV. Protein Synthesis bottom of the brain
A. DNA Structure and
Divided into three parts (lobes):
Function
I. Anterior Pituitary
4 B. RNA Structure and Types
★ Human Growth Hormone
C. DNA Replication
(HGH) Responsible for the
D. Amino Acids
growth and repair of all cells in
the body
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ★ Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH) influences the thyroid
gland for the release of thyroxine
- The endocrine system is a network of
(also called Thyrotropin)
ductless glands and organs that release
hormones directly into the bloodstream ★ Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
to regulate essential bodily functions, (ACTH) influences the adrenal
including metabolism, growth, gland to release Cortisol or the
reproduction, sleep, and mood. stress hormone. (also known as
- Acting as chemical messengers, these corticotropin)
hormones target specific cells
★ Luteinising Hormone (LH) and
throughout the body to maintain Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
homeostasis (FSH) collectively known as
Gonadotropins, LH, and FSH
Hormones and Functions control the sexual and
reproductive characteristics in
Hormones are chemical messengers that are males and females
secreted directly into the blood (only in
microscopic amounts), which carries them to ★ Prolactin (PRL) produces milk in
organs and tissues of the body to exert their the breast. Though it is present
functions. at all times, the secretion is
increased during and just after
Types of hormones that act on different aspects pregnancy
of bodily functions and processes:
Molirae Yuri 1
, BIOLOGY
GRADE 10 SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL 4TH QUARTER
★ Melanocyte-Stimulating the bloodstream. It travels to the organs
Hormone (MSH) involved in the where it gets converted into its active form
stimulation of the production of (T3)
melanin by skin and hair
★ T3: Triiodothyronine
II. Intermediate Pituitary Thyroid hormone that affects physiological
Note that this is absent in adults processes such as growth, development,
metabolism.
III. Posterior Pituitary
★ Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Thyroid Symptoms
controls the water balance of ● Nervousness
the body by affecting ● Poor concentration and
reabsorption of water by the knowledge retention
kidneys ● Change in the menstrual cycle
★ Oxytocin controls certain ● Increased heart rate
aspects of pregnancy and ● Muscle aches
childbirth such as uterine ● Weight gain
contraction and production of ● High level of cholesterol
milk
Parathyr Located near the thyroid gland in the
Pineal A pinecone-shaped small gland located oid neck region
Gland in the middle of the human brain in
Gland The hormone released by this gland is
between the two hemispheres in an area
called Parathyroid hormone, which
called the epithalamus
regulates calcium and phosphorus level
Once known as the “third eye” in bones
Major site for melatonin secretion, which Types of Parathyroid hormone:
regulates the body’s internal clock I. Parathormone
(Circadian rhythm) and also certain II. Calcitonin
reproductive hormones
Purpose: regulate calcium in the blood in
Secretion of Melatonin a very strict range 9.0 and 10.1 mg/dL.
● Light-dependent
● Produced in large amounts when Parathyroids also manage the amount of
it is dark calcium in bones and determine their
strength
Disorders of the Pineal Gland
● Depression Thymus Located below the Thyroid gland and is
● Mood Swings in between the two lungs
● Peptic or stomach ulcers
It's main function is producing and
● Disruption in sleep patterns
maturing T-cells that help in aiding the
● hormonal imbalance
body's immune system
● Sexual disorders
Pancrea Abdominal organ located behind the
Thyroid Located in the anterior neck between C5
s stomach
Gland and T1 vertebrae. It consists of two lobes
and parathyroid glands are present on Responsible for regulating blood sugar
their posterior surfaces. levels. It is divided into two categories:
1.) Exocrine function that produce
★ T4:Thyroxine (Tetraiodothyronine) enzymes trypsin and
Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland in chymotrypsin that are essential
Molirae Yuri 2
GRADE 10 SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL 4TH QUARTER
● Development and growth
Topic Overview ● Metabolism of food items
● Sexual function and reproductive growth
I. Endocrine System
and health
A. Hormones and
● Cognitive function and mood
1 Functions
● Maintenance of body temperature and
B. Major Endocrine Glands
thirst
II. Feedback Mechanisms
A. Positive Feedback
2 B. Negative Feedback Major Endocrine Glands
C. Differences
III. Reproductive System
Gland
A. Male Reproductive
3 System
Pituitary Master gland; controls and regulates
B. Female Reproductive
System Gland other glands in the body
Pea-sized gland that is located at the
IV. Protein Synthesis bottom of the brain
A. DNA Structure and
Divided into three parts (lobes):
Function
I. Anterior Pituitary
4 B. RNA Structure and Types
★ Human Growth Hormone
C. DNA Replication
(HGH) Responsible for the
D. Amino Acids
growth and repair of all cells in
the body
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ★ Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH) influences the thyroid
gland for the release of thyroxine
- The endocrine system is a network of
(also called Thyrotropin)
ductless glands and organs that release
hormones directly into the bloodstream ★ Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
to regulate essential bodily functions, (ACTH) influences the adrenal
including metabolism, growth, gland to release Cortisol or the
reproduction, sleep, and mood. stress hormone. (also known as
- Acting as chemical messengers, these corticotropin)
hormones target specific cells
★ Luteinising Hormone (LH) and
throughout the body to maintain Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
homeostasis (FSH) collectively known as
Gonadotropins, LH, and FSH
Hormones and Functions control the sexual and
reproductive characteristics in
Hormones are chemical messengers that are males and females
secreted directly into the blood (only in
microscopic amounts), which carries them to ★ Prolactin (PRL) produces milk in
organs and tissues of the body to exert their the breast. Though it is present
functions. at all times, the secretion is
increased during and just after
Types of hormones that act on different aspects pregnancy
of bodily functions and processes:
Molirae Yuri 1
, BIOLOGY
GRADE 10 SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL 4TH QUARTER
★ Melanocyte-Stimulating the bloodstream. It travels to the organs
Hormone (MSH) involved in the where it gets converted into its active form
stimulation of the production of (T3)
melanin by skin and hair
★ T3: Triiodothyronine
II. Intermediate Pituitary Thyroid hormone that affects physiological
Note that this is absent in adults processes such as growth, development,
metabolism.
III. Posterior Pituitary
★ Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Thyroid Symptoms
controls the water balance of ● Nervousness
the body by affecting ● Poor concentration and
reabsorption of water by the knowledge retention
kidneys ● Change in the menstrual cycle
★ Oxytocin controls certain ● Increased heart rate
aspects of pregnancy and ● Muscle aches
childbirth such as uterine ● Weight gain
contraction and production of ● High level of cholesterol
milk
Parathyr Located near the thyroid gland in the
Pineal A pinecone-shaped small gland located oid neck region
Gland in the middle of the human brain in
Gland The hormone released by this gland is
between the two hemispheres in an area
called Parathyroid hormone, which
called the epithalamus
regulates calcium and phosphorus level
Once known as the “third eye” in bones
Major site for melatonin secretion, which Types of Parathyroid hormone:
regulates the body’s internal clock I. Parathormone
(Circadian rhythm) and also certain II. Calcitonin
reproductive hormones
Purpose: regulate calcium in the blood in
Secretion of Melatonin a very strict range 9.0 and 10.1 mg/dL.
● Light-dependent
● Produced in large amounts when Parathyroids also manage the amount of
it is dark calcium in bones and determine their
strength
Disorders of the Pineal Gland
● Depression Thymus Located below the Thyroid gland and is
● Mood Swings in between the two lungs
● Peptic or stomach ulcers
It's main function is producing and
● Disruption in sleep patterns
maturing T-cells that help in aiding the
● hormonal imbalance
body's immune system
● Sexual disorders
Pancrea Abdominal organ located behind the
Thyroid Located in the anterior neck between C5
s stomach
Gland and T1 vertebrae. It consists of two lobes
and parathyroid glands are present on Responsible for regulating blood sugar
their posterior surfaces. levels. It is divided into two categories:
1.) Exocrine function that produce
★ T4:Thyroxine (Tetraiodothyronine) enzymes trypsin and
Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland in chymotrypsin that are essential
Molirae Yuri 2
