ALU 201 ULTIMATE STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
1. achalasia - ANSWER ✔ The failure of the esophageal sphincter to relax
2. pyrosis - ANSWER ✔ a painful burning sensation in the chest caused by
gastroesophageal reflux (backflow from the stomach irritating the
esophagus) aka heartburn
3. hiatial hernia - ANSWER ✔ two types:
sliding or axial hiatal hernia
paraesophageal hernia
4. odynophagia - ANSWER ✔ pain associated with dysphagia
5. causes of ulcers - ANSWER ✔ gastric cancer, NSAIDS, alcohol
6. proton pump inhibitor (PPI) - ANSWER ✔ ..., supresses gastric acid
secretions; also used for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Examples: Aciphex, Prevacid, Prilosec, Protonix
7. Causes of Crohn's disease mortality - ANSWER ✔ malabsorption,
bleeding, cancer
8. Malignant Pancreas tumor - ANSWER ✔ most common type is pancreatic
adenocarcinoma
high mortality rate
,9. Causes of chronic and acute pancreatitis - ANSWER ✔ alcohol, blockage
by gallstones, medications, infection, autoimmune disease, and
idiopathically. Acute pancreatitis has a high mortality rate
10.pancreatitis can cause: - ANSWER ✔ 1. inadequate insulin production
(diabetes)
2. inadequate digestive enzyme production (pancreatic insufficiency) which
requires treatment with oral digestive enzymes-creon, pancrease
3. fluid and debris adjacent to pancreas, forming a cyst-like mass
(pseudocyst)
11.esophageal manometry - ANSWER ✔ pressure monitoring of the
esophagus
12.GERD dx confirmed by - ANSWER ✔ endoscopy, x-ray studies, pH
monitoring of the esophagus
13.GERD anti-reflux measures - ANSWER ✔ avoid -citrus, tomatoes, fats,
coffee, etoh, chocolate, cigarettes
restrict food intake several hours before reclining
raising the head of the bed
weight loss
14.Large vessel vasculitides - ANSWER ✔ Temporal (Giant Cell) arteritis,
Takayasu's Arteritis (TA)
15.Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buergers disease) effects mainly the -
ANSWER ✔ Tibial and Radial arteries
16.Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buergers Disease) is a vasculitis strongly
associated with - ANSWER ✔ Cigarette smoking
17.symptoms/tests that form dx of Wegeners - ANSWER ✔ blood test to
identify the autoantibody ANCA, active urinary sediment, elevated ESR,
unexplained anemia, recurrent symptoms
18.70% of individuals w/ Wegeners eventually develop - ANSWER ✔
Glomerulonephritis
,19.Wegeners Granulomatosis (WG) primarily affects the - ANSWER ✔ lungs
and kidneys
20.classic symptom (hallmark) of PAN - ANSWER ✔ postprandial
periumbilical pain (intestinal angina)
21.organ systems most commonly involved w/ polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) -
ANSWER ✔ skin, peripheral nerves, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys
22.small/medium vessel vasculitides - ANSWER ✔ polyarteritis nodosa
(PAN), Kawasaki syndrome (KS), wegeners granulomatosis (WG),
thromboangitis (buerger disease)
23.atypical presentations of secondary raynauds phenomenon that suggest an
underlying cause - ANSWER ✔ age over 40, male, disease manifestations
proximal to distal digits, severe painful attacks resulting in ischemic ulcers
of digits
24.fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) typically affects - ANSWER ✔ medium
and large arteries of young/middle aged females
25.greatest success rate for PTA is when it is utilized for - ANSWER ✔
aortoiliac stenosis
26.Antispasmodics - ANSWER ✔ block receptors involved in smooth muscle
contraction, TX groups of muscles that are unable to work smoothly together
(spasticity), MS, cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury
27.Benzodiazepines - ANSWER ✔ muscle relaxant & antispasmodic,
sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing),
anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant & amnesic action, commonly used for
anxiety, panic disorders, insomnia, seizures, alcohol withdrawal
28.Causes of Ulcers - ANSWER ✔ Gastric Cancer
NSAIDS
, ETOH
29.Stage 1: Sarcoidosis - ANSWER ✔ Bilateral Enlargement of lymph nodes
at the root of the lungs
No lung involvement
30.Stage 2 & 3: Sarcoidosis - ANSWER ✔ Increasing Lung Involvement
31.Characteristics of Hyperplastic Anemia - ANSWER ✔ Replacement of
hemopoietic tissue
Depletion of cell lines
Reduction of hemopoietic tissue
32.What are the characteristics of the dramatic or impulsive group? - ANSWER
✔ Anti-social/disagreable
Borderline/unstable
Attention seeking/histrionic
Narcissistic
Treated with MAOIS
33.Causes of Intersitial Cystitis - ANSWER ✔ Idiopathic
Autoimmune
Collagen disease
(Think bladder)
34.Adenoine Stress Testing - ANSWER ✔ It is used for individuals who are
unable to undergo standard exercise testng
It requires concurrent radionuclide or echocardiogram imaging
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
1. achalasia - ANSWER ✔ The failure of the esophageal sphincter to relax
2. pyrosis - ANSWER ✔ a painful burning sensation in the chest caused by
gastroesophageal reflux (backflow from the stomach irritating the
esophagus) aka heartburn
3. hiatial hernia - ANSWER ✔ two types:
sliding or axial hiatal hernia
paraesophageal hernia
4. odynophagia - ANSWER ✔ pain associated with dysphagia
5. causes of ulcers - ANSWER ✔ gastric cancer, NSAIDS, alcohol
6. proton pump inhibitor (PPI) - ANSWER ✔ ..., supresses gastric acid
secretions; also used for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Examples: Aciphex, Prevacid, Prilosec, Protonix
7. Causes of Crohn's disease mortality - ANSWER ✔ malabsorption,
bleeding, cancer
8. Malignant Pancreas tumor - ANSWER ✔ most common type is pancreatic
adenocarcinoma
high mortality rate
,9. Causes of chronic and acute pancreatitis - ANSWER ✔ alcohol, blockage
by gallstones, medications, infection, autoimmune disease, and
idiopathically. Acute pancreatitis has a high mortality rate
10.pancreatitis can cause: - ANSWER ✔ 1. inadequate insulin production
(diabetes)
2. inadequate digestive enzyme production (pancreatic insufficiency) which
requires treatment with oral digestive enzymes-creon, pancrease
3. fluid and debris adjacent to pancreas, forming a cyst-like mass
(pseudocyst)
11.esophageal manometry - ANSWER ✔ pressure monitoring of the
esophagus
12.GERD dx confirmed by - ANSWER ✔ endoscopy, x-ray studies, pH
monitoring of the esophagus
13.GERD anti-reflux measures - ANSWER ✔ avoid -citrus, tomatoes, fats,
coffee, etoh, chocolate, cigarettes
restrict food intake several hours before reclining
raising the head of the bed
weight loss
14.Large vessel vasculitides - ANSWER ✔ Temporal (Giant Cell) arteritis,
Takayasu's Arteritis (TA)
15.Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buergers disease) effects mainly the -
ANSWER ✔ Tibial and Radial arteries
16.Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buergers Disease) is a vasculitis strongly
associated with - ANSWER ✔ Cigarette smoking
17.symptoms/tests that form dx of Wegeners - ANSWER ✔ blood test to
identify the autoantibody ANCA, active urinary sediment, elevated ESR,
unexplained anemia, recurrent symptoms
18.70% of individuals w/ Wegeners eventually develop - ANSWER ✔
Glomerulonephritis
,19.Wegeners Granulomatosis (WG) primarily affects the - ANSWER ✔ lungs
and kidneys
20.classic symptom (hallmark) of PAN - ANSWER ✔ postprandial
periumbilical pain (intestinal angina)
21.organ systems most commonly involved w/ polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) -
ANSWER ✔ skin, peripheral nerves, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys
22.small/medium vessel vasculitides - ANSWER ✔ polyarteritis nodosa
(PAN), Kawasaki syndrome (KS), wegeners granulomatosis (WG),
thromboangitis (buerger disease)
23.atypical presentations of secondary raynauds phenomenon that suggest an
underlying cause - ANSWER ✔ age over 40, male, disease manifestations
proximal to distal digits, severe painful attacks resulting in ischemic ulcers
of digits
24.fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) typically affects - ANSWER ✔ medium
and large arteries of young/middle aged females
25.greatest success rate for PTA is when it is utilized for - ANSWER ✔
aortoiliac stenosis
26.Antispasmodics - ANSWER ✔ block receptors involved in smooth muscle
contraction, TX groups of muscles that are unable to work smoothly together
(spasticity), MS, cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury
27.Benzodiazepines - ANSWER ✔ muscle relaxant & antispasmodic,
sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing),
anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant & amnesic action, commonly used for
anxiety, panic disorders, insomnia, seizures, alcohol withdrawal
28.Causes of Ulcers - ANSWER ✔ Gastric Cancer
NSAIDS
, ETOH
29.Stage 1: Sarcoidosis - ANSWER ✔ Bilateral Enlargement of lymph nodes
at the root of the lungs
No lung involvement
30.Stage 2 & 3: Sarcoidosis - ANSWER ✔ Increasing Lung Involvement
31.Characteristics of Hyperplastic Anemia - ANSWER ✔ Replacement of
hemopoietic tissue
Depletion of cell lines
Reduction of hemopoietic tissue
32.What are the characteristics of the dramatic or impulsive group? - ANSWER
✔ Anti-social/disagreable
Borderline/unstable
Attention seeking/histrionic
Narcissistic
Treated with MAOIS
33.Causes of Intersitial Cystitis - ANSWER ✔ Idiopathic
Autoimmune
Collagen disease
(Think bladder)
34.Adenoine Stress Testing - ANSWER ✔ It is used for individuals who are
unable to undergo standard exercise testng
It requires concurrent radionuclide or echocardiogram imaging
