ANA 109 exam 1 with correct answers 100% 2026

ANA 109 exam 1 with correct answers 100% 2026 what is anatomy? - Correct Answer science of body structures and their relationships what is physiology? - Correct Answer science of body function what are the 6 levels of organization? - Correct Answer chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, system level, organism level what is the hierarchy of complexity and why is it important? - Correct Answer reductionism and holism, you must understand how the small parts make up the whole organism but you cannot understand one part without also understanding another part reductionism - Correct Answer theory that a large complex system such as the human body can be understood by studying its simpler parts (first espoused by Aristotle, highly productive approach, essential to scientific thinking) holism - Correct Answer there are "emergent properties" of the whole organism that cannot be predicted form the properties of the separate parts. (humans are more than the sum of their parts) COMPLIMENTARY THEORY TO REDUCTIONISM what is clinical reasoning? - Correct Answer process of using EVIDENCE to find the best patient outcome. it is a cognitive process that nurses use when reviewing and analyzing patient data to plan care and make decisions for positive patient outcomes. why is it important to appreciate anatomical and physiological variation? - Correct Answer no two humans are exactly alike 30% are anatomically variant; failure to consider variation can lead to overmedication to elderly or medicating women on the basis of research done on men. typical physiological values - Correct Answer sex, age, weight, physical activity, diet what are the characteristics of life? - Correct Answer reproduction, growth, movement, metabolism, responsiveness, differentiation metabolism - Correct Answer all chemical processes in the body catabolism metabolism - Correct Answer breaking down of complex chemicals... i.e. digestion anabolism - Correct Answer building complex chemicals from smaller units... i.e. amino acids into complex proteins responsiveness - Correct Answer detects and responds to change internally or externally.. hitting on the knee movement - Correct Answer whole body or structures within growth - Correct Answer increase in body size and cell size differentiation - Correct Answer unspecialized cells (stem cells) become specialized in structure and function reproduction - Correct Answer production of new cells in body or making a new human what are the 5 environmental factors required to sustain life? - Correct Answer water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure water - Correct Answer most abundant substance in body; REQUIRED FOR METABOLIC PROCESS; required for TRANSPORT of substances; regulates body temperature. food - Correct Answer provides necessary nutrients; SUPPLIES ENERGY AND ATP oxygen - Correct Answer 1/5 of air; USED TO RELEASE ENERGY FROM NUTRIENTS/. we breathe in oxygen for metabolic reactions and makes ATP so that we can move heat - Correct Answer form of energy; partly CONTROLS METABOLIC REACTIONS; used as a catalyst to speed up the process of breaking down and building up substances. if the body is too hot with a fever organ failure can occur because the body cannot metabolize correctly pressure - Correct Answer application of force on an object, ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE important for berating; HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE important for blood flow. we are working with chemistry and physics to breath and keep substances moving thru the body what is homeostasis? - Correct Answer the tendency for the body or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes (sweet spot) what is a feedback system? - Correct Answer one of the most important ways of maintaining homeostasis positive feedback - Correct Answer a normal way of producing rapid change within the body. SELF AMPLIFYING CYCLE. change produces more change. short lived (do not require cont. adjustment) physiological change cont. until the it is interrupted by some mechanism and homeostasis is restored (ex. child birth fever) negative feedback - Correct Answer the bodes physiological state fluctuates (dynamic equilibrium) around a set point. keeps the variable close to the set point. most common type of feedback . CAUSES THE OPPOSITE OF BODILY DISRUPTION TO OCCUER what is an example of neg feedback - Correct Answer temperature blood pressure receptor - Correct Answer monitor... measures the environment and tells the control center if cells are displaced. (temperature, pain, pressure, visual) control center - Correct Answer evaluate (Ex. brain and spinal cord)... evaluates what is going on with the receptor and tells the effector to effect change there effector - Correct Answer adjust... makes the change that the control center calls for what is an example of a receptor? - Correct Answer mechanoreceptor what is an example of an effector - Correct Answer glands and organs why is anatomical terminology important? - Correct Answer all health care professionals must speak the same language and all are required to be precise, lives will be in your hands. what is the anatomical position? - Correct Answer standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forwards, thumbs out supine - Correct Answer on back prone - Correct Answer laying on stomach what are the three main body planes - Correct Answer transverse, oblique, frontal