NCM 116 FINALS (Musculoskeletal) with correct answers 100% 2026

NCM 116 FINALS (Musculoskeletal) with correct answers 100% 2026 A 35-year-old female patient presents to the clinic with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath on exertion. Laboratory tests reveal a decreased hemoglobin level, indicating anemia. The physician explains to the patient that a specific component of the musculoskeletal system plays a crucial role in the production of red blood cells. Which of the following components is responsible for this function? A. Bones B. Muscles C. Ligaments D. Tendons - Correct Answer Correct Answer: A. Bones Bones, as part of the musculoskeletal system, contribute to the production of red blood cells due to their unique capability of hosting bone marrow, where red blood cell formation takes place. This function of bones ensures a consistent supply of oxygen-transporting cells in the body. A 68-year-old male patient presents to the orthopedic clinic with complaints of joint pain and stiffness, particularly in his knees. He mentions that the pain worsens after prolonged standing or walking. Radiographic imaging shows signs of degeneration in the structures that provide cushioning and support between the bones in his knee joints. Which structure is most likely affected in this patient? A. Cartilage B. Tendons C. Ligaments D. Bursae - Correct Answer Correct Answer: A. Cartilage. Cartilage serves a critical role in joints by providing cushioning and support between bones. It functions as a shock absorber, reducing friction and preventing direct bone-to-bone contact during movement. This protective layer of cartilage not only absorbs the stresses and forces applied to the joint but also ensures smooth and pain-free articulation. Cartilage also aids in distributing synovial fluid, a lubricating substance, which further reduces wear and tear on the joint surfaces, promoting their longevity and overall joint health. A 25-year-old professional ballet dancer presents to the physiotherapy clinic after sustaining an injury during a performance. While demonstrating a specific move, she describes a motion where she had to bend her elbow joint, decreasing the angle between her forearm and upper arm. The physiotherapist recognizes this motion as a fundamental joint movement. Which term best describes this action? A. Flexion B. Extension C. Abduction D. Adduction - Correct Answer Correct Answer: A. Flexion. Flexion refers to the bending of a joint, decreasing the angle between the bones. A 22-year-old male gymnast is undergoing a routine physical examination before an upcoming competition. During the assessment, the physician asks him to perform various movements to evaluate his muscle strength and coordination. The gymnast is able to contract and relax specific muscles on command, demonstrating control over a particular type of muscle. Which type of muscle is under his voluntary control? A. Cardiac muscle B. Smooth muscle C. Skeletal muscle D. Ligamentous muscle - Correct Answer Correct Answer: C. Skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and are responsible for voluntary movement. They are under conscious control and allow us to perform activities such as walking, talking, and writing. A 40-year-old construction worker presents to the emergency department after falling from a height. Radiographic imaging is ordered to assess potential fractures. The radiologist pays special attention to the areas where two or more bones come together, as these are common sites of injury. Which term best describes these areas? A. Cartilage B. Tendon C. Ligament D. Joint - Correct Answer Correct Answer: D. Joint A joint is the point where two or more bones meet. It allows for movement and flexibility in the skeletal system. What is the primary function of the skeletal system? A. Producing red blood cells B. Facilitating movement and support C. Providing protection for internal organs D. Transmitting nerve impulses - Correct Answer Correct Answer: B. Facilitating movement and support. The primary function of the skeletal system is to provide a framework for the body, giving it structure, support, and protection. Additionally, the skeletal system works in conjunction with muscles to enable movement. What is the primary function of the muscular system? A. Maintaining body temperature B. Storing minerals and lipids C. Transporting oxygen and nutrients D. Facilitating movement and generating force - Correct Answer Correct Answer: D. Facilitating movement and generating force. The primary function of the muscular system is to produce movement by contracting and relaxing muscles. It enables various actions such as walking, lifting, and facial expressions. What is the primary function of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system? A. Connecting muscles to bones B. Connecting bones to bones C. Facilitating muscle contractions D. Providing cushioning between bones - Correct Answer Correct Answer: B. Connecting bones to bones. Ligaments are tough, fibrous connective tissues that connect bones to other bones in a joint. They provide stability and help prevent excessive movement or dislocation of the bones. Which component of the musculoskeletal system is responsible for the production of movement? A. Muscles B. Ligaments C. Bones D. Tendons - Correct Answer Correct Answer: A. Muscles. Muscles are the primary component of the musculoskeletal system responsible for generating movement. They contract and relax to produce the force necessary for various actions such as walking, running, and lifting. A 72-year-old retired professional tennis player visits the orthopedic clinic, complaining of persistent hip pain that has been limiting his mobility. After a thorough examination, the physician discusses potential degenerative changes in a specific structure in his hip joint. This structure has a primary function in the musculoskeletal system that is crucial for joint health and movement. What is the name and primary function of this structure? A. Bone marrow: Producing red blood cells B. Nerve cells: Transmitting nerve impulses C. Skeletal muscles: Facilitating movement at joints D. Cartilage: Providing cushioning between bones - Correct Answer Correct answer: D. Cartilage: Providing cushioning between bones. Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue that provides cushioning and shock absorption between bones in a joint. It helps reduce friction and distributes forces during movement. A 78-year-old woman visits the clinic for a routine check-up. She expresses concern about her bone health, as several of her friends have been diagnosed with fractures due to osteoporosis. The physician explains that certain population groups are at a higher risk for developing this condition. Which of the following population groups is at the highest risk for developing osteoporosis? A. Young children B. Teenagers C. Postmenopausal women D. Middle-aged men - Correct Answer Correct answer: C. Postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women are at the highest risk for developing osteoporosis due to the decline in estrogen levels, which accelerates bone loss. A 70-year-old woman is admitted to the orthopedic ward following a minor fall at home that resulted in a fractured wrist. Her medical history reveals a recent diagnosis of osteoporosis. As the nurse conducts a comprehensive assessment, she anticipates certain clinical manifestations commonly associated with osteoporosis. Which of the following findings would the nurse most likely expect to observe in this patient? A. Joint deformities