SSM TCAR EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
What are the definitive options for pelvic fracture stabilization and hemorrhage
control? answer External Fixation
Interventional Radiology
Open reduction & Internal fixation
How are closed mid-shaft femur fractures managed? answer Intramedullary nail
fixation
What makes a fracture comminuted? answer The bone is in multiple pieces
Physiologic criteria for trauma center care? answer SBP<90
Resp rate <10 or >29
GCS <14
What is Kinematics? answer The process of predicting potential injuries based on
analysis of the forces involved
Dose of energy is? answer The nature and amount of force
Characteristic of wounding agent? answer Type of energy and how it was applied
,Force answer The dose of energy involved
Which gender is the majority of trauma? answer Male
Incidence of trauma peaks at what age? answer Teens and young adult
Blunt trauma Classifications include? answer MVA
Auto vs. pedestrian
Falls
Struck by or against an object
Trauma mortality based on organ system failure? answer 1 organ system
failure=4%
2 organ system failures=32%
3 organ system failures=67%
4 organ system failures=90%
What are the four collisions? answer 1. The vehicle
2. The occupants
3. The internal organs
4. The secondary impacts
Energy transmission in a rollover depends on? answer Deceleration distance
Energy is dissipated over the distance of the roll and whether or not the occupants
are restrained
,Car vs pedestrian injuries depend on? answer Point of contact with the care
Height of hood & bumper
Size & weight of vehicle
Height of patient
Direction patient was facing when struck
What is the most common mechanism of injury in all age groups? answer Falls
Factors predicting fall injuries are? answer Fall height (velocity)
Landing surface (deceleration distance)
Point of impact on the body
Wound ballistics- permanent cavity answer Cavity is the a function of the size,
shape, and characteristic of the missile (mass)
For every second of fall time, speed increases by? answer Speed increases by
approximately 20 MPH
Define Shock? answer A state in which cellular oxygen demand exceeds supply
When the cost of tissue oxygen is higher than the body can pay, an oxygen debt
develops.
Types of shock per TCAR? answer Pumps-Site of defect heart
Pipes- site of defect is artery, veins or capillaries
, Fluid-intravascular, interstitial or intracellular
VS in shock? answer Narrow pulse pressure
Tachycardia
Low CO
How many ATP molecules are produced with oxygen & glucose? answer 32 ATP
molecules
How many ATP molecules are produced without oxygen? answer 2 ATP
molecules
Normal pH? answer Refernce range is 7.35-7.45, but actual normal range is 7.38-
7.42
What is the footprint of shock? answer Lactic Acidosis
What 2 things affect the amount of oxygen availalbe to the cells? answer
Temperature & pH, which is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation shift to the right? answer Acidosis, elevated temp
More oxygen available to the cells
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the left? answer Hypothermia,
alkalosis
Less oxygen available to the cells
ANSWERS 2026
What are the definitive options for pelvic fracture stabilization and hemorrhage
control? answer External Fixation
Interventional Radiology
Open reduction & Internal fixation
How are closed mid-shaft femur fractures managed? answer Intramedullary nail
fixation
What makes a fracture comminuted? answer The bone is in multiple pieces
Physiologic criteria for trauma center care? answer SBP<90
Resp rate <10 or >29
GCS <14
What is Kinematics? answer The process of predicting potential injuries based on
analysis of the forces involved
Dose of energy is? answer The nature and amount of force
Characteristic of wounding agent? answer Type of energy and how it was applied
,Force answer The dose of energy involved
Which gender is the majority of trauma? answer Male
Incidence of trauma peaks at what age? answer Teens and young adult
Blunt trauma Classifications include? answer MVA
Auto vs. pedestrian
Falls
Struck by or against an object
Trauma mortality based on organ system failure? answer 1 organ system
failure=4%
2 organ system failures=32%
3 organ system failures=67%
4 organ system failures=90%
What are the four collisions? answer 1. The vehicle
2. The occupants
3. The internal organs
4. The secondary impacts
Energy transmission in a rollover depends on? answer Deceleration distance
Energy is dissipated over the distance of the roll and whether or not the occupants
are restrained
,Car vs pedestrian injuries depend on? answer Point of contact with the care
Height of hood & bumper
Size & weight of vehicle
Height of patient
Direction patient was facing when struck
What is the most common mechanism of injury in all age groups? answer Falls
Factors predicting fall injuries are? answer Fall height (velocity)
Landing surface (deceleration distance)
Point of impact on the body
Wound ballistics- permanent cavity answer Cavity is the a function of the size,
shape, and characteristic of the missile (mass)
For every second of fall time, speed increases by? answer Speed increases by
approximately 20 MPH
Define Shock? answer A state in which cellular oxygen demand exceeds supply
When the cost of tissue oxygen is higher than the body can pay, an oxygen debt
develops.
Types of shock per TCAR? answer Pumps-Site of defect heart
Pipes- site of defect is artery, veins or capillaries
, Fluid-intravascular, interstitial or intracellular
VS in shock? answer Narrow pulse pressure
Tachycardia
Low CO
How many ATP molecules are produced with oxygen & glucose? answer 32 ATP
molecules
How many ATP molecules are produced without oxygen? answer 2 ATP
molecules
Normal pH? answer Refernce range is 7.35-7.45, but actual normal range is 7.38-
7.42
What is the footprint of shock? answer Lactic Acidosis
What 2 things affect the amount of oxygen availalbe to the cells? answer
Temperature & pH, which is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation shift to the right? answer Acidosis, elevated temp
More oxygen available to the cells
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the left? answer Hypothermia,
alkalosis
Less oxygen available to the cells
