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LOW GWP REFRIGERANT EXAMINATION 2026-2027 BANK
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM
QUESTIONS WILL COME FROM HERE (100% CORRECT
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
1. The term GWP in the context of refrigerants stands for:
A) Global Weather Pattern
B) Greenhouse Warming Potential
C) Global Warming Potential
D) Graduated Warming Protocol
Answer: C) Global Warming Potential
Explanation: GWP is a measure of how much energy the emissions of 1
ton of a gas will absorb over a given period, relative to the emissions of
1 ton of carbon dioxide (CO2).
2. Which gas serves as the reference point for the Global Warming
Potential scale, with a GWP value of 1?
A) Methane (CH4)
B) Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
C) Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
D) R-134a
,2|Page
Answer: C) Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Explanation: By definition, the GWP of CO2 is 1. The GWP of all other
greenhouse gases is expressed in terms of its equivalent warming
impact relative to CO2 over a specific timeframe, typically 100 years.
3. The Kigali Amendment to which international treaty mandates the
phase-down of HFCs?
A) Kyoto Protocol
B) Paris Agreement
C) Montreal Protocol
D) Basel Convention
Answer: C) Montreal Protocol
Explanation: The Kigali Amendment, agreed upon in 2016, is an
amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer. It extends the treaty's scope to include the phase-down of
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) due to their high GWP.
4. R-744 is the ASHRAE designation for which natural refrigerant?
A) Propane
B) Ammonia
C) Carbon Dioxide
D) Water
Answer: C) Carbon Dioxide
,3|Page
Explanation: ASHRAE Standard 34 designates carbon dioxide as R-744.
It is a natural refrigerant with a GWP of 1 and is used in transcritical and
subcritical refrigeration systems.
5. What is the primary environmental benefit of using a low-GWP
refrigerant over a traditional HFC like R-404A?
A) Improved system efficiency
B) Zero ozone depletion potential
C) Significantly lower direct warming impact upon release
D) Lower toxicity
Answer: C) Significantly lower direct warming impact upon release
Explanation: While efficiency and zero ODP are important, the primary
driver of the transition to low-GWP refrigerants is the drastic reduction
in direct greenhouse gas emissions when the refrigerant leaks or is
vented, due to their GWP being an order of magnitude or more lower
than legacy HFCs.
6. R-32, a component of R-410A, has a GWP of approximately:
A) 1
B) 4
C) 675
D) 2088
Answer: C) 675
, 4|Page
Explanation: R-32 (Difluoromethane) has a 100-year GWP of 675. It is
classified as a moderately flammable (A2L) refrigerant and is used as a
standalone replacement for R-410A in many air conditioning
applications.
7. Which refrigerant is classified as an A3 refrigerant, indicating higher
flammability and lower toxicity?
A) R-1234yf
B) R-32
C) R-290 (Propane)
D) R-717 (Ammonia)
Answer: C) R-290 (Propane)
Explanation: ASHRAE Standard 34 classifies refrigerants based on
toxicity (A or B) and flammability (1, 2L, 2, 3). R-290 is classified as A3,
meaning it has lower toxicity but higher flammability.
8. The Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) of a refrigeration
system accounts for:
A) Only the direct emissions from refrigerant leaks
B) Only the indirect emissions from energy consumption
C) Both direct refrigerant emissions and indirect energy-related
emissions
D) The chemical stability of the refrigerant molecule
Answer: C) Both direct refrigerant emissions and indirect energy-
related emissions
LOW GWP REFRIGERANT EXAMINATION 2026-2027 BANK
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM
QUESTIONS WILL COME FROM HERE (100% CORRECT
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
1. The term GWP in the context of refrigerants stands for:
A) Global Weather Pattern
B) Greenhouse Warming Potential
C) Global Warming Potential
D) Graduated Warming Protocol
Answer: C) Global Warming Potential
Explanation: GWP is a measure of how much energy the emissions of 1
ton of a gas will absorb over a given period, relative to the emissions of
1 ton of carbon dioxide (CO2).
2. Which gas serves as the reference point for the Global Warming
Potential scale, with a GWP value of 1?
A) Methane (CH4)
B) Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
C) Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
D) R-134a
,2|Page
Answer: C) Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Explanation: By definition, the GWP of CO2 is 1. The GWP of all other
greenhouse gases is expressed in terms of its equivalent warming
impact relative to CO2 over a specific timeframe, typically 100 years.
3. The Kigali Amendment to which international treaty mandates the
phase-down of HFCs?
A) Kyoto Protocol
B) Paris Agreement
C) Montreal Protocol
D) Basel Convention
Answer: C) Montreal Protocol
Explanation: The Kigali Amendment, agreed upon in 2016, is an
amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer. It extends the treaty's scope to include the phase-down of
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) due to their high GWP.
4. R-744 is the ASHRAE designation for which natural refrigerant?
A) Propane
B) Ammonia
C) Carbon Dioxide
D) Water
Answer: C) Carbon Dioxide
,3|Page
Explanation: ASHRAE Standard 34 designates carbon dioxide as R-744.
It is a natural refrigerant with a GWP of 1 and is used in transcritical and
subcritical refrigeration systems.
5. What is the primary environmental benefit of using a low-GWP
refrigerant over a traditional HFC like R-404A?
A) Improved system efficiency
B) Zero ozone depletion potential
C) Significantly lower direct warming impact upon release
D) Lower toxicity
Answer: C) Significantly lower direct warming impact upon release
Explanation: While efficiency and zero ODP are important, the primary
driver of the transition to low-GWP refrigerants is the drastic reduction
in direct greenhouse gas emissions when the refrigerant leaks or is
vented, due to their GWP being an order of magnitude or more lower
than legacy HFCs.
6. R-32, a component of R-410A, has a GWP of approximately:
A) 1
B) 4
C) 675
D) 2088
Answer: C) 675
, 4|Page
Explanation: R-32 (Difluoromethane) has a 100-year GWP of 675. It is
classified as a moderately flammable (A2L) refrigerant and is used as a
standalone replacement for R-410A in many air conditioning
applications.
7. Which refrigerant is classified as an A3 refrigerant, indicating higher
flammability and lower toxicity?
A) R-1234yf
B) R-32
C) R-290 (Propane)
D) R-717 (Ammonia)
Answer: C) R-290 (Propane)
Explanation: ASHRAE Standard 34 classifies refrigerants based on
toxicity (A or B) and flammability (1, 2L, 2, 3). R-290 is classified as A3,
meaning it has lower toxicity but higher flammability.
8. The Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) of a refrigeration
system accounts for:
A) Only the direct emissions from refrigerant leaks
B) Only the indirect emissions from energy consumption
C) Both direct refrigerant emissions and indirect energy-related
emissions
D) The chemical stability of the refrigerant molecule
Answer: C) Both direct refrigerant emissions and indirect energy-
related emissions
