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Low GWP Refrigerant Safety Exam 2026-2027 BANK QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM QUESTIONS
WILL COME FROM HERE (100% CORRECT ANSWERS A+
GRADED
1. What is the primary environmental driver for the adoption of low
GWP refrigerants?
A. Ozone Depletion Potential
B. Global Warming Potential
C. Acidification Potential
D. Photochemical Smog Potential
Answer: B. The primary driver is to reduce Global Warming Potential
(GWP). The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol specifically
targets the phase-down of HFCs due to their high GWP, even though
they have zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP).
2. Which classification according to ASHRAE Standard 34 indicates a
refrigerant with lower toxicity but higher flammability?
A. A1
B. B1
C. A2L
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D. A3
Answer: C. A2L indicates lower toxicity (A) and lower flammability (2L),
which is characteristic of many new low GWP refrigerants like R-32 and
R-1234yf. A3 denotes higher flammability, while B denotes higher
toxicity.
3. R-32 (Difluoromethane) is a component of which widely used high-
GWP refrigerant?
A. R-22
B. R-410A
C. R-134a
D. R-1234yf
Answer: B. R-32 is 50% of R-410A. The remaining 50% is R-125, which is
added to suppress flammability. Pure R-32 has a significantly lower
GWP than R-410A.
4. An HFO refrigerant like R-1234yf is characterized by what molecular
feature that leads to a very low atmospheric lifetime?
A. A chlorine atom
B. A carbon-carbon triple bond
C. A carbon-carbon double bond
D. A fully saturated carbon chain
Answer: C. The carbon-carbon double bond in Hydrofluoroolefins
(HFOs) allows them to react rapidly with hydroxyl radicals in the
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atmosphere, giving them a very short atmospheric lifetime and thus a
very low GWP.
5. What is the GWP of R-290 (Propane) according to the IPCC Fifth
Assessment Report?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 4
D. 675
Answer: B. The GWP of R-290 is 3. While not zero, it is negligible
compared to traditional HFCs like R-404A (GWP ~3922) and is
considered a natural, ultra-low GWP option.
6. When a technician must leak-check a system containing R-290
(Propane), what is the most critical safety step before using an
electronic leak detector?
A. Increase the system pressure with nitrogen.
B. Ensure the system is powered on.
C. Use a soap bubble solution first.
D. Verify the area is ventilated and the detector is intrinsically safe.
Answer: D. Because R-290 is a highly flammable A3 refrigerant, any
ignition source can cause a fire or explosion. The leak detector must be
certified intrinsically safe for the flammable refrigerant, and the work
area must be free of all ignition sources and well-ventilated.
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7. The term "LFL" is a critical parameter for A2L and A3 refrigerants.
What does LFL stand for?
A. Limited Fluid Loss
B. Lower Flammability Limit
C. Liquid Fraction Limit
D. Low Friction Lubricant
Answer: B. LFL stands for Lower Flammability Limit, the minimum
concentration of a refrigerant in air required for flame propagation. It is
measured in kg/m³ or vol%. Operations must stay well below this limit,
typically governed by maximum charge size formulas.
8. A system designed for R-410A is retrofitted with an R-32 "drop-in"
replacement. What is the most significant increased risk associated
with this change?
A. Higher operating pressure
B. Toxicity from phosgene gas
C. Flammability of the refrigerant
D. Ozone depletion
Answer: C. R-410A is an A1 (non-flammable) refrigerant, while R-32 is
A2L (mildly flammable). The primary new risk introduced in this retrofit
is the flammability hazard, which requires new handling, storage, and
leak simulation procedures.
9. In the event of a large release of R-744 (Carbon Dioxide) in an
occupied space, what is the primary immediate health hazard?
Low GWP Refrigerant Safety Exam 2026-2027 BANK QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM QUESTIONS
WILL COME FROM HERE (100% CORRECT ANSWERS A+
GRADED
1. What is the primary environmental driver for the adoption of low
GWP refrigerants?
A. Ozone Depletion Potential
B. Global Warming Potential
C. Acidification Potential
D. Photochemical Smog Potential
Answer: B. The primary driver is to reduce Global Warming Potential
(GWP). The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol specifically
targets the phase-down of HFCs due to their high GWP, even though
they have zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP).
2. Which classification according to ASHRAE Standard 34 indicates a
refrigerant with lower toxicity but higher flammability?
A. A1
B. B1
C. A2L
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D. A3
Answer: C. A2L indicates lower toxicity (A) and lower flammability (2L),
which is characteristic of many new low GWP refrigerants like R-32 and
R-1234yf. A3 denotes higher flammability, while B denotes higher
toxicity.
3. R-32 (Difluoromethane) is a component of which widely used high-
GWP refrigerant?
A. R-22
B. R-410A
C. R-134a
D. R-1234yf
Answer: B. R-32 is 50% of R-410A. The remaining 50% is R-125, which is
added to suppress flammability. Pure R-32 has a significantly lower
GWP than R-410A.
4. An HFO refrigerant like R-1234yf is characterized by what molecular
feature that leads to a very low atmospheric lifetime?
A. A chlorine atom
B. A carbon-carbon triple bond
C. A carbon-carbon double bond
D. A fully saturated carbon chain
Answer: C. The carbon-carbon double bond in Hydrofluoroolefins
(HFOs) allows them to react rapidly with hydroxyl radicals in the
,3|Page
atmosphere, giving them a very short atmospheric lifetime and thus a
very low GWP.
5. What is the GWP of R-290 (Propane) according to the IPCC Fifth
Assessment Report?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 4
D. 675
Answer: B. The GWP of R-290 is 3. While not zero, it is negligible
compared to traditional HFCs like R-404A (GWP ~3922) and is
considered a natural, ultra-low GWP option.
6. When a technician must leak-check a system containing R-290
(Propane), what is the most critical safety step before using an
electronic leak detector?
A. Increase the system pressure with nitrogen.
B. Ensure the system is powered on.
C. Use a soap bubble solution first.
D. Verify the area is ventilated and the detector is intrinsically safe.
Answer: D. Because R-290 is a highly flammable A3 refrigerant, any
ignition source can cause a fire or explosion. The leak detector must be
certified intrinsically safe for the flammable refrigerant, and the work
area must be free of all ignition sources and well-ventilated.
, 4|Page
7. The term "LFL" is a critical parameter for A2L and A3 refrigerants.
What does LFL stand for?
A. Limited Fluid Loss
B. Lower Flammability Limit
C. Liquid Fraction Limit
D. Low Friction Lubricant
Answer: B. LFL stands for Lower Flammability Limit, the minimum
concentration of a refrigerant in air required for flame propagation. It is
measured in kg/m³ or vol%. Operations must stay well below this limit,
typically governed by maximum charge size formulas.
8. A system designed for R-410A is retrofitted with an R-32 "drop-in"
replacement. What is the most significant increased risk associated
with this change?
A. Higher operating pressure
B. Toxicity from phosgene gas
C. Flammability of the refrigerant
D. Ozone depletion
Answer: C. R-410A is an A1 (non-flammable) refrigerant, while R-32 is
A2L (mildly flammable). The primary new risk introduced in this retrofit
is the flammability hazard, which requires new handling, storage, and
leak simulation procedures.
9. In the event of a large release of R-744 (Carbon Dioxide) in an
occupied space, what is the primary immediate health hazard?
