ADVANCED PATHO: FLUID ELECTROLYTES BASES: EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS.
1) Hyperaldosteronism causes which fluid and electrolyte imbalances?
A) Hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, and fluid volume excess
B) Hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and fluid volume excess
C) Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and fluid volume deficit
D) Hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and fluid volume deficit -- Answer ✔✔
b. Hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and fluid volume excess
2) _____ alterations occur when changes in total body water (TBW) are
accompanied by proportional changes in electrolytes. -- Answer ✔✔ Isotonic
3) Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when
circulating blood volume is reduced? -- Answer ✔✔ Renin
4) Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure?
, A) Capillary hydrostatic pressure
B) Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
C) Capillary oncotic pressure
D) Interstitial oncotic pressure -- Answer ✔✔ c. Capillary oncotic
pressure
5) What is a major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for
transmission of nerve impulses?
A) The ratio between intracellular sodium (Na+) and extracellular
sodium
B) The ratio between intracellular potassium (K+) and extracellular
potassium
C) The ratio between intracellular sodium (Na+) and extracellular
potassium (K+)
D) The ratio between intracellular potassium (K+) and extracellular
sodium (Na+) -- Answer ✔✔ b. The ratio between intracellular
potassium (K+) and extracellular potassium
6) What mechanisms cause hypernatremia? -- Answer ✔✔ b. Cushing's disease and
hyperaldosteronism
7) What are causes of hyperkalemia? -- Answer ✔✔ Renal failure and crush injuries
8) Insulin and glucose can be given to correct hyperkalemia. True/false -- Answer
✔✔ True
9) Excessive use of magnesium- and aluminum-containing laxatives can result in: --
Answer ✔✔ hypophosphatemia
10) Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign indicate: -- Answer ✔✔ hypocalcemia
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS.
1) Hyperaldosteronism causes which fluid and electrolyte imbalances?
A) Hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, and fluid volume excess
B) Hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and fluid volume excess
C) Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and fluid volume deficit
D) Hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and fluid volume deficit -- Answer ✔✔
b. Hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and fluid volume excess
2) _____ alterations occur when changes in total body water (TBW) are
accompanied by proportional changes in electrolytes. -- Answer ✔✔ Isotonic
3) Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when
circulating blood volume is reduced? -- Answer ✔✔ Renin
4) Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure?
, A) Capillary hydrostatic pressure
B) Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
C) Capillary oncotic pressure
D) Interstitial oncotic pressure -- Answer ✔✔ c. Capillary oncotic
pressure
5) What is a major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for
transmission of nerve impulses?
A) The ratio between intracellular sodium (Na+) and extracellular
sodium
B) The ratio between intracellular potassium (K+) and extracellular
potassium
C) The ratio between intracellular sodium (Na+) and extracellular
potassium (K+)
D) The ratio between intracellular potassium (K+) and extracellular
sodium (Na+) -- Answer ✔✔ b. The ratio between intracellular
potassium (K+) and extracellular potassium
6) What mechanisms cause hypernatremia? -- Answer ✔✔ b. Cushing's disease and
hyperaldosteronism
7) What are causes of hyperkalemia? -- Answer ✔✔ Renal failure and crush injuries
8) Insulin and glucose can be given to correct hyperkalemia. True/false -- Answer
✔✔ True
9) Excessive use of magnesium- and aluminum-containing laxatives can result in: --
Answer ✔✔ hypophosphatemia
10) Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign indicate: -- Answer ✔✔ hypocalcemia
