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1. Describe true and apparent wind - Correct Answer: True is wind
direction and speed felt by a stationary object
Apparent is wind felt when an object is in motion
2. Describe sailing forces using diagrams. Graphically find the center of effort
and center of resistance of sails and keel, respectively. - Correct Answer:
CE forward of CLR, boat pivots to leeward causing Lee Helm. CE aft of CLR
stern pivots toward wind causing Weather Helm.
3. Describe with the aid of diagrams the causes of lee and weather helm and
methods of correcting them. Include the reasons for preference of slight
weather helm, sail selection (including full sails or reefed sails), mast
position and mast rake. - Correct Answer: Weather Helm: move traveler
to leeward, move weight aft, rake mast forward
Lee Helm: ease Jib, trim mainsail, tighten backstay, set smaller Jib, roller reef Jib
4. Describe sail shapes and sail interactions as needed for different wind strengths
and points of sail. Describe the effects on sail shape and sail interactions when
adjusting the following:
,- Luff tension
- Outhaul
- Leech line
- Boom vang
- Backstay tension
- Jib fairleads
- Jib sheet tension
- Mainsheet
- Traveller
- Downhaul / cunningham - Correct Answer: Luff: Light winds: tension halyard
and/or downhaul. Strengthening winds: tighten luff tension to flatten/de power
sail
Outhaul:
5. Describe how to use a barometer and a thermometer independently
and concurrently to assist in predicting weather. - Correct Answer:
6. Describe cirrus, cirrostratus, altocumulus, stratocumulus, cumulonimbus
and cumulus clouds and the weather expected to be associated with
each. - Correct Answer:
7. Describe local weather in relation to thermal winds and prevailing
winds. - Correct Answer:
, 8. Describe three sources of weather information available in the United
States. - Correct Answer:
9. Describe the proper selection of sails on a given boat for all weather
conditions and give reasons for the selection made. - Correct
Answer:
10. Describe appropriate heavy weather precautions and describe how they are
carried out, including:
- Sail changes
- Use of special equipment such as safety harness and sea anchor
- Doubling up of gear
- Special checks in areas liable to chafe
- Stowage of equipment above and below decks
- Additional checks on bilge condition
- Special arrangements for towing dinghy/tender (if used)
- Problems of fatigue
- Selection of clothing
- The need of at least two on deck at all times - Correct Answer:
10. Describe the steps to be taken by skipper and crew for "heaving to" and
"lying a-hull." - Correct Answer:
11. Describe the methods for rafting at anchor and the possible risks with
day and night rafting. - Correct Answer:
, 12.Describe how to prevent the dinghy/tender from riding up and bumping
the vessel's hull while anchored at night. - Correct Answer:
13.Describe procedures for securing a boat overnight with one anchor and
stern made fast to a dock or shoreline. - Correct Answer:
14.Describe two methods of using a second anchor to reduce swinging. -
Correct Answer:
15. Describe four different methods of recovering an anchor that is fouled
on the bottom. - Correct Answer:
16. Describe when and how to use a trip line and an anchor buoy. -
Correct Answer:
17. Describe when and how to set an anchor watch and the responsibilities
of the crew on watch. - Correct Answer:
18. Describe how to:
- Prepare a towing bridle
- Pass a tow to another boat
- Get underway with a tow and which speeds to use
- Avoid fouling the propeller