CMNS 201 Final Quiz With Correct
Answers
Descriptive Statistics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-are a general type of simple
| | | | | | | | | |
statistics used by researchers to describe basic patterns in the data.
| | | | | | | | | |
frequency distribution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-is "a description of a number of
| | | | | | | | | | |
times the various attributes of a variable are observed in a sample." (p.371) It is a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|table that shows the distribution of cases into the categories of one variable (ie.,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the number of percent of cases in each category).
| | | | | | | |
average - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-"an ambiguous term generally suggesting typical
| | | | | | | |
or normal — a central tendency. The mean, median, and mode are specific
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
examples of mathematical averages."
| | |
mode - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an average representing the most frequently
| | | | | | | | |
observed value or attribute | | |
median - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an average representing the value of the
| | | | | | | | |
"middle" case in a rank-ordered set of observations
| | | | | | | |
mean - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an average computed by summing the values of
| | | | | | | | | | |
several observations and dividing by the number of observations
| | | | | | | |
,range - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-is a measure of dispersion for one variable
| | | | | | | | | | |
indicating the highest and lowest scores
| | | | |
standard deviation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-is a measure of dispersion for one
| | | | | | | | | | |
variable that indicates an average distance between the scores and the mean.
| | | | | | | | | | |
Null hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a hypothesis that says there is no
| | | | | | | | | | |
relationship or association between two variables, or no effect
| | | | | | | |
bivariate statistic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-is a statistical measure that involves
| | | | | | | | | |
two variables only
| |
Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-refers to the idea that two variables vary
| | | | | | | | | | |
together, such that knowing the values in one variable provides information
| | | | | | | | | | |
about values found in another variable.
| | | | |
Independence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-refers to the absence of a statistical
| | | | | | | | | |
relationship between two variables (i.e., when knowing the values on one
| | | | | | | | | | |
variable provides no information about the values that will be found on another
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
variable). There is no association between them.
| | | | | |
scattergram - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-is a diagram to display the statistical
| | | | | | | | | |
relationship between two variables based on plotting each case's values for both
| | | | | | | | | | | |
of the variables.
| |
, cross-tabulation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-involves placing data for two variables | | | | | | | | |
in a contingency table to show the number or percentage of cases at the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
intersection of categories of the two variables.| | | | | |
contingency table - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-is a table that show the cross-
| | | | | | | | | |
tabulation of two or more variables. It usually shows bivariate quantitative data
| | | | | | | | | | | |
for variables in the form of percentages across rows or down columns for the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
categories of one variable. | | |
measure of association - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-is a single number that expresses
| | | | | | | | | |
the strength, and often the direction, of a relationship. It condenses information
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
about a bivariate relationship into a single number
| | | | | | |
Elaboration paradigm - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-is a system for describing patterns
| | | | | | | | | |
in multivariate tables to analyze bivariate contingency tables (cross tabulations)
| | | | | | | | | |
with partials after a third (control) variable is introduced. It focuses on the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|"partial relationships" found in each of the subsets created by the control
| | | | | | | | | | | |
variable
Replication - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-same relationship in both partials as in
| | | | | | | | | |
bivariate table |
Specification - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bivariate relationship only seen in one of
| | | | | | | | | |
the partial tables
| |
Interpretation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bivariate relationship weakens greatly or
| | | | | | | |
disappears in partial tables (control variable is intervening—happens in between
| | | | | | | | | |
independent & dependent) | |
Answers
Descriptive Statistics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-are a general type of simple
| | | | | | | | | |
statistics used by researchers to describe basic patterns in the data.
| | | | | | | | | |
frequency distribution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-is "a description of a number of
| | | | | | | | | | |
times the various attributes of a variable are observed in a sample." (p.371) It is a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|table that shows the distribution of cases into the categories of one variable (ie.,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the number of percent of cases in each category).
| | | | | | | |
average - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-"an ambiguous term generally suggesting typical
| | | | | | | |
or normal — a central tendency. The mean, median, and mode are specific
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
examples of mathematical averages."
| | |
mode - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an average representing the most frequently
| | | | | | | | |
observed value or attribute | | |
median - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an average representing the value of the
| | | | | | | | |
"middle" case in a rank-ordered set of observations
| | | | | | | |
mean - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an average computed by summing the values of
| | | | | | | | | | |
several observations and dividing by the number of observations
| | | | | | | |
,range - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-is a measure of dispersion for one variable
| | | | | | | | | | |
indicating the highest and lowest scores
| | | | |
standard deviation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-is a measure of dispersion for one
| | | | | | | | | | |
variable that indicates an average distance between the scores and the mean.
| | | | | | | | | | |
Null hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a hypothesis that says there is no
| | | | | | | | | | |
relationship or association between two variables, or no effect
| | | | | | | |
bivariate statistic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-is a statistical measure that involves
| | | | | | | | | |
two variables only
| |
Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-refers to the idea that two variables vary
| | | | | | | | | | |
together, such that knowing the values in one variable provides information
| | | | | | | | | | |
about values found in another variable.
| | | | |
Independence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-refers to the absence of a statistical
| | | | | | | | | |
relationship between two variables (i.e., when knowing the values on one
| | | | | | | | | | |
variable provides no information about the values that will be found on another
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
variable). There is no association between them.
| | | | | |
scattergram - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-is a diagram to display the statistical
| | | | | | | | | |
relationship between two variables based on plotting each case's values for both
| | | | | | | | | | | |
of the variables.
| |
, cross-tabulation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-involves placing data for two variables | | | | | | | | |
in a contingency table to show the number or percentage of cases at the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
intersection of categories of the two variables.| | | | | |
contingency table - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-is a table that show the cross-
| | | | | | | | | |
tabulation of two or more variables. It usually shows bivariate quantitative data
| | | | | | | | | | | |
for variables in the form of percentages across rows or down columns for the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
categories of one variable. | | |
measure of association - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-is a single number that expresses
| | | | | | | | | |
the strength, and often the direction, of a relationship. It condenses information
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
about a bivariate relationship into a single number
| | | | | | |
Elaboration paradigm - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-is a system for describing patterns
| | | | | | | | | |
in multivariate tables to analyze bivariate contingency tables (cross tabulations)
| | | | | | | | | |
with partials after a third (control) variable is introduced. It focuses on the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|"partial relationships" found in each of the subsets created by the control
| | | | | | | | | | | |
variable
Replication - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-same relationship in both partials as in
| | | | | | | | | |
bivariate table |
Specification - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bivariate relationship only seen in one of
| | | | | | | | | |
the partial tables
| |
Interpretation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bivariate relationship weakens greatly or
| | | | | | | |
disappears in partial tables (control variable is intervening—happens in between
| | | | | | | | | |
independent & dependent) | |
