Anti Diabetic
Drugs
, Diabetes mellitus
• Type I – (IDDM ,10% of cases)
⚬ “Childhood” diabetes
⚬ Loss of pancreatic β cells
⚬ Decreased insulin
⚬ Develops suddenly, usually before age 15.
⚬ Caused by inadequate production of insulin because T
cell-mediated autoimmune response destroys beta
cells.
⚬ Controlled by insulin injections.
• Type II (NIDDM, 90% of cases)
⚬ “Adult” diabetes
⚬ Defective signal reception in insulin pathway
⚬ Decreased insulin
⚬ Usually occurs after age 40 and in obese individuals,
but genetics, aging, and peripheral insulin resistance
also.
, ⚬ Insulin levels are normal or elevated but there is either a
decrease in number of insulin receptors or the cells
cannot take it up.
⚬ Controlled by dietary changes and regular exercise.
Both cause hyperglycemia, glycosuria, lipid breakdown
because tissues are deficient in glucose, ketone bodies
Complications:
• Acute: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA),
Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma
• Chronic:
Microvascular disease: impotence & poor wound healing
Atherosclerosis : Strokes, coronary heart disease
Renal failure, retinal damage, nerve damage
Infective disease: Tuberculosis
Drugs
, Diabetes mellitus
• Type I – (IDDM ,10% of cases)
⚬ “Childhood” diabetes
⚬ Loss of pancreatic β cells
⚬ Decreased insulin
⚬ Develops suddenly, usually before age 15.
⚬ Caused by inadequate production of insulin because T
cell-mediated autoimmune response destroys beta
cells.
⚬ Controlled by insulin injections.
• Type II (NIDDM, 90% of cases)
⚬ “Adult” diabetes
⚬ Defective signal reception in insulin pathway
⚬ Decreased insulin
⚬ Usually occurs after age 40 and in obese individuals,
but genetics, aging, and peripheral insulin resistance
also.
, ⚬ Insulin levels are normal or elevated but there is either a
decrease in number of insulin receptors or the cells
cannot take it up.
⚬ Controlled by dietary changes and regular exercise.
Both cause hyperglycemia, glycosuria, lipid breakdown
because tissues are deficient in glucose, ketone bodies
Complications:
• Acute: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA),
Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma
• Chronic:
Microvascular disease: impotence & poor wound healing
Atherosclerosis : Strokes, coronary heart disease
Renal failure, retinal damage, nerve damage
Infective disease: Tuberculosis
