ANPH 1002 Final Actual Exam Questions And Answers Practice Questions with Solutions
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Question 1
What is the primary definition of plasma in human blood?
A) The cellular component that carries oxygen.
B) The fluid portion of the blood.
C) The fragments responsible for clotting.
D) The pigmentation that gives blood its red color.
E) The white blood cells that fight infection.
Correct Answer: B) The fluid portion of the blood.
Rationale: Plasma is the straw-colored, liquid matrix of the blood. It serves as the medium
in which blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets) are suspended and transported
throughout the body.
Question 2
Which of the following is an alternative name for erythrocytes?
A) White blood cells
B) Platelets
C) Red blood cells
D) Stem cells
E) Mesenchymal cells
Correct Answer: C) red blood cells
Rationale: Erythrocytes are commonly known as red blood cells. Their primary function is
to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and return carbon dioxide from the
tissues back to the lungs.
Question 3
Which term is used to describe white blood cells?
A) Erythrocytes
B) Leukocytes
C) Thrombocytes
D) Hemoglobins
E) Myeloid cells
Correct Answer: B) leukocytes
Rationale: Leukocytes is the medical term for white blood cells. These cells are a critical
part of the immune system, responsible for protecting the body against both infectious
disease and foreign invaders.
Question 4
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood?
A) Maintaining homeostasis.
B) Transporting hormones to regulate chemical reactions.
C) Regulating blood temperature.
, 2
D) Transporting waste products.
E) Producing electrical impulses for muscle contraction.
Correct Answer: E) Producing electrical impulses for muscle contraction.
Rationale: While blood performs vital transport and regulatory roles, the production of
electrical impulses is a function of the nervous and muscular systems, not the blood.
Question 5
What percentage of blood plasma is typically composed of water/fluid?
A) 7%
B) 50%
C) 91%
D) 33%
E) 100%
Correct Answer: C) 91% plasma
Rationale: Blood plasma is approximately 91% water. The remaining 9% consists of
proteins (like albumin and globulin), nutrients, hormones, electrolytes, and waste products.
Question 6
Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure between the
blood and tissues?
A) Fibrinogen
B) Hemoglobin
C) Albumin
D) Thromboplastin
E) Prothrombin
Correct Answer: C) albumin
Rationale: Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein. It plays a critical role in
maintaining the osmotic pressure required for proper fluid distribution between the
intravascular compartment and the body tissues, preventing edema.
Question 7
Which substance in the plasma is essential for the clotting mechanism to stop blood loss?
A) Globin
B) Heme
C) Fibrinogen
D) Lysozyme
E) Histamine
Correct Answer: C) fibrinogen
Rationale: Fibrinogen is a soluble plasma protein produced by the liver. During the
coagulation cascade, it is converted into insoluble fibrin, which forms the structural
framework of a blood clot.
, 3
Question 8
Which of the following are categorized as granular leukocytes?
A) Monocytes and lymphocytes
B) Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
C) Erythrocytes and thrombocytes
D) Mesenchymal cells and hematocytoblasts
E) B cells and T cells
Correct Answer: B) neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Rationale: Granular leukocytes (granulocytes) are distinguished by the presence of visible
granules in their cytoplasm when stained. These include neutrophils, eosinophils, and
basophils.
Question 9
Which leukocytes are considered agranular or nongranular?
A) Neutrophils and basophils
B) Eosinophils and monocytes
C) Monocytes and lymphocytes
D) Basophils and lymphocytes
E) Mesenchymal cells
Correct Answer: C) monocytes and lymphocytes
Rationale: Agranular leukocytes do not have prominent granules in their cytoplasm. This
category consists of monocytes (which become macrophages) and lymphocytes (B cells and
T cells).
Question 10
The process of blood cell formation is known as:
A) Fibrinolysis
B) Agglutination
C) Hematopoiesis
D) Phagocytosis
E) Thrombosis
Correct Answer: C) hematopoiesos
Rationale: Hematopoiesis is the continuous process by which the body's cellular blood
components are produced. In adults, this primarily occurs in the red bone marrow.
Question 11
All blood cells develop from which type of undifferentiated stem cells?
A) Mesenchymal cells
B) Hematocytoblasts
C) Myeloid cells
D) Reticulocytes
, 4
E) Plasma cells
Correct Answer: B) stem cells/hematocytoblasts
Rationale: Hematocytoblasts are the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells. All formed
elements of the blood, including RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, originate from these cells in
the bone marrow.
Question 12
Which type of stem cell is specifically noted for its ability to respond to injury or infection?
A) Erythrocytes
B) Mesenchymal cells
C) Fibrin
D) Globulins
E) Eosinophils
Correct Answer: B) mesenchymal cells
Rationale: Mesenchymal cells are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a
variety of cell types. In the context of blood and tissue health, they are vital for repair
processes following injury or infection.
Question 13
Hemoglobin makes up approximately what percentage of an erythrocyte's cell volume?
A) 7%
B) 91%
C) 33%
D) 50%
E) 15%
Correct Answer: C) 33% cell volume
Rationale: Approximately one-third (33%) of the volume of a red blood cell is filled with
hemoglobin, the protein responsible for oxygen transport. This high concentration is
necessary for the efficient delivery of oxygen to tissues.
Question 14
In the hemoglobin molecule, which part represents the protein component?
A) Heme
B) Globin
C) Iron
D) Bilirubin
E) Plasma
Correct Answer: B) globin
Rationale: Hemoglobin is composed of "heme" (the iron-containing pigment) and "globin"
(the protein portion). The globin consists of four polypeptide chains.
Newest | Already Graded A+
Question 1
What is the primary definition of plasma in human blood?
A) The cellular component that carries oxygen.
B) The fluid portion of the blood.
C) The fragments responsible for clotting.
D) The pigmentation that gives blood its red color.
E) The white blood cells that fight infection.
Correct Answer: B) The fluid portion of the blood.
Rationale: Plasma is the straw-colored, liquid matrix of the blood. It serves as the medium
in which blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets) are suspended and transported
throughout the body.
Question 2
Which of the following is an alternative name for erythrocytes?
A) White blood cells
B) Platelets
C) Red blood cells
D) Stem cells
E) Mesenchymal cells
Correct Answer: C) red blood cells
Rationale: Erythrocytes are commonly known as red blood cells. Their primary function is
to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and return carbon dioxide from the
tissues back to the lungs.
Question 3
Which term is used to describe white blood cells?
A) Erythrocytes
B) Leukocytes
C) Thrombocytes
D) Hemoglobins
E) Myeloid cells
Correct Answer: B) leukocytes
Rationale: Leukocytes is the medical term for white blood cells. These cells are a critical
part of the immune system, responsible for protecting the body against both infectious
disease and foreign invaders.
Question 4
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood?
A) Maintaining homeostasis.
B) Transporting hormones to regulate chemical reactions.
C) Regulating blood temperature.
, 2
D) Transporting waste products.
E) Producing electrical impulses for muscle contraction.
Correct Answer: E) Producing electrical impulses for muscle contraction.
Rationale: While blood performs vital transport and regulatory roles, the production of
electrical impulses is a function of the nervous and muscular systems, not the blood.
Question 5
What percentage of blood plasma is typically composed of water/fluid?
A) 7%
B) 50%
C) 91%
D) 33%
E) 100%
Correct Answer: C) 91% plasma
Rationale: Blood plasma is approximately 91% water. The remaining 9% consists of
proteins (like albumin and globulin), nutrients, hormones, electrolytes, and waste products.
Question 6
Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure between the
blood and tissues?
A) Fibrinogen
B) Hemoglobin
C) Albumin
D) Thromboplastin
E) Prothrombin
Correct Answer: C) albumin
Rationale: Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein. It plays a critical role in
maintaining the osmotic pressure required for proper fluid distribution between the
intravascular compartment and the body tissues, preventing edema.
Question 7
Which substance in the plasma is essential for the clotting mechanism to stop blood loss?
A) Globin
B) Heme
C) Fibrinogen
D) Lysozyme
E) Histamine
Correct Answer: C) fibrinogen
Rationale: Fibrinogen is a soluble plasma protein produced by the liver. During the
coagulation cascade, it is converted into insoluble fibrin, which forms the structural
framework of a blood clot.
, 3
Question 8
Which of the following are categorized as granular leukocytes?
A) Monocytes and lymphocytes
B) Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
C) Erythrocytes and thrombocytes
D) Mesenchymal cells and hematocytoblasts
E) B cells and T cells
Correct Answer: B) neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Rationale: Granular leukocytes (granulocytes) are distinguished by the presence of visible
granules in their cytoplasm when stained. These include neutrophils, eosinophils, and
basophils.
Question 9
Which leukocytes are considered agranular or nongranular?
A) Neutrophils and basophils
B) Eosinophils and monocytes
C) Monocytes and lymphocytes
D) Basophils and lymphocytes
E) Mesenchymal cells
Correct Answer: C) monocytes and lymphocytes
Rationale: Agranular leukocytes do not have prominent granules in their cytoplasm. This
category consists of monocytes (which become macrophages) and lymphocytes (B cells and
T cells).
Question 10
The process of blood cell formation is known as:
A) Fibrinolysis
B) Agglutination
C) Hematopoiesis
D) Phagocytosis
E) Thrombosis
Correct Answer: C) hematopoiesos
Rationale: Hematopoiesis is the continuous process by which the body's cellular blood
components are produced. In adults, this primarily occurs in the red bone marrow.
Question 11
All blood cells develop from which type of undifferentiated stem cells?
A) Mesenchymal cells
B) Hematocytoblasts
C) Myeloid cells
D) Reticulocytes
, 4
E) Plasma cells
Correct Answer: B) stem cells/hematocytoblasts
Rationale: Hematocytoblasts are the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells. All formed
elements of the blood, including RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, originate from these cells in
the bone marrow.
Question 12
Which type of stem cell is specifically noted for its ability to respond to injury or infection?
A) Erythrocytes
B) Mesenchymal cells
C) Fibrin
D) Globulins
E) Eosinophils
Correct Answer: B) mesenchymal cells
Rationale: Mesenchymal cells are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a
variety of cell types. In the context of blood and tissue health, they are vital for repair
processes following injury or infection.
Question 13
Hemoglobin makes up approximately what percentage of an erythrocyte's cell volume?
A) 7%
B) 91%
C) 33%
D) 50%
E) 15%
Correct Answer: C) 33% cell volume
Rationale: Approximately one-third (33%) of the volume of a red blood cell is filled with
hemoglobin, the protein responsible for oxygen transport. This high concentration is
necessary for the efficient delivery of oxygen to tissues.
Question 14
In the hemoglobin molecule, which part represents the protein component?
A) Heme
B) Globin
C) Iron
D) Bilirubin
E) Plasma
Correct Answer: B) globin
Rationale: Hemoglobin is composed of "heme" (the iron-containing pigment) and "globin"
(the protein portion). The globin consists of four polypeptide chains.
