ATI CAPSTONE FUNDAMENTALS CONCEPT
REVIEW GUIDE 2026 NURSING PROCESS AND
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE BASICS
◉ A nurse is verifying nasogastric tube placement by the pH of
aspirated gastric fluid. Which of the following pH values provides a
good indication of correct tube placement?
A. 2
B. 5
C. 7
D. 9.
Answer: A. 2
Rationale: A good indication of appropriate placement is obtaining
gastric contents with a pH between 0 and 4.
◉ A nurse is caring for a client with a closed head injury. When
pressure is applied to client's nail beds, the client's eyes open and
adduction of the arms with flexion of the elbows and wrists is noted.
The client also moans with stimulation. What is the client's Glascow
Coma Score?
A. 4
B. 7
C. 9
,D. 10.
Answer: B. 7 (comatose)
Rationale:
Eye Opening (ranges from 4-1)
4 = spontaneous
3 = to voice
2 = to pain
1 = none
Verbal (ranges from 5-1)
5 = oriented
4 = confused
3 = inappropriate words
2 = incomprehensible sounds
1= none
Motor (raged from 6-1)
6 = obeys command
5 = localizes pain
4 = withdraws
3 = flexion (decorticate posturing)
2 = extension (decerebrate posturing)
1 = none
, ◉ A nurse should teach which of the following clients requiring
crutches about how to use a three-point gait?
A. A client who is able to bear full weight on both lower extremities.
B. A client who has bilateral leg braces due to paralysis of the lower
extremities.
C. A client who has a right femur fracture with no weight bearing on
the affected leg.
D. A client who has bilateral knee-replacements with partial weight
bearing on both legs..
Answer: C. A client who has a right femur fracture with no weight
bearing on the affected leg.
Rationale: A three-point gait requires the client to bear all of his
weight on one foot. With a three-point gait, the client bears weight
on both crutches and then on the uninvolved leg, repeating the
sequence. The affected leg does not touch the ground.
◉ A nurse is providing teaching about the Mediterranean diet to a
client who has a new diagnosis if hypertension. Which of the
following statements by the client indicates a need for further
teaching?
A. "I will limit my intake of red meat to twice weekly."
B. "I can have dairy in moderate portions daily."
C. "I can have fish two times a week."
D. "I can drink wine in moderation.".
Answer: A. "I will limit my intake of red meat to twice weekly."
REVIEW GUIDE 2026 NURSING PROCESS AND
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE BASICS
◉ A nurse is verifying nasogastric tube placement by the pH of
aspirated gastric fluid. Which of the following pH values provides a
good indication of correct tube placement?
A. 2
B. 5
C. 7
D. 9.
Answer: A. 2
Rationale: A good indication of appropriate placement is obtaining
gastric contents with a pH between 0 and 4.
◉ A nurse is caring for a client with a closed head injury. When
pressure is applied to client's nail beds, the client's eyes open and
adduction of the arms with flexion of the elbows and wrists is noted.
The client also moans with stimulation. What is the client's Glascow
Coma Score?
A. 4
B. 7
C. 9
,D. 10.
Answer: B. 7 (comatose)
Rationale:
Eye Opening (ranges from 4-1)
4 = spontaneous
3 = to voice
2 = to pain
1 = none
Verbal (ranges from 5-1)
5 = oriented
4 = confused
3 = inappropriate words
2 = incomprehensible sounds
1= none
Motor (raged from 6-1)
6 = obeys command
5 = localizes pain
4 = withdraws
3 = flexion (decorticate posturing)
2 = extension (decerebrate posturing)
1 = none
, ◉ A nurse should teach which of the following clients requiring
crutches about how to use a three-point gait?
A. A client who is able to bear full weight on both lower extremities.
B. A client who has bilateral leg braces due to paralysis of the lower
extremities.
C. A client who has a right femur fracture with no weight bearing on
the affected leg.
D. A client who has bilateral knee-replacements with partial weight
bearing on both legs..
Answer: C. A client who has a right femur fracture with no weight
bearing on the affected leg.
Rationale: A three-point gait requires the client to bear all of his
weight on one foot. With a three-point gait, the client bears weight
on both crutches and then on the uninvolved leg, repeating the
sequence. The affected leg does not touch the ground.
◉ A nurse is providing teaching about the Mediterranean diet to a
client who has a new diagnosis if hypertension. Which of the
following statements by the client indicates a need for further
teaching?
A. "I will limit my intake of red meat to twice weekly."
B. "I can have dairy in moderate portions daily."
C. "I can have fish two times a week."
D. "I can drink wine in moderation.".
Answer: A. "I will limit my intake of red meat to twice weekly."
