HESI EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+BRAND
NEW!!.pdf
When body temperature rises, the body responds by causing sweating and dilation of
skin blood vessels. This type of response is called - ANSWER/Negative feedback
What is the mechanism called which brings about an increasing change in the same
direction? - ANSWER/Positive feedback
A disease that affects the entire body or involves several organ systems is refereed to
as - ANSWER/Systemic
The calf is to the knee. - ANSWER/Distal-body is FARTHER from
attachment
The directional term lateral describes a structure that is: - ANSWER/further from the
midline
The little or "pinky" finger is to the thumb. - ANSWER/medial
The term sural refers to the: - ANSWER/Calf
Identify the plane that would divide the body into left and right sides. - ANSWER/Sagittal
The vertebral canal and cranial cavity is located within the cavity. -
ANSWER/posterior, dorsal, cavity
Identify the two primary cavities within the ventral cavity. - ANSWER/thoracic and
abdominopelvic cavities
Emily needs to have her gall bladder removed. Her incision would be in the
quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity - ANSWER/Upper right
Plasma Membrane - ANSWER/outer surface that regulates entrance and exit of
molecules (phospholipid bilayer that said to be semipermeable) because it allows
certain molecules but others to enter the cell.
nucleus is - ANSWER/a large, centrally located structure that contains the
chromosomes and is the control center
,cytoplasm - ANSWER/gelatinous like semi-fluid that is between the nucleus and plasma
membrane
cytoskeleton - ANSWER/maintains cell shape and assists movement of cell parts
Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER/Transports materials within the cell, provides
attachment for ribosomes, and synthesizes
Chromatin - ANSWER/Fiber composed of protein and DNA molecules which contains
cellular information for synthesizing proteins
chromosomes - ANSWER/rod-like structures that contains genes
Nuclear envelope - ANSWER/double membrane that covers the nucleus, the most
important function is surround and contain DNA
Ribosomes - ANSWER/particles that carry out protein synthesizes
Rough ER - ANSWER/Stubbed with ribosomes, processes proteins
Smooth ER - ANSWER/lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipid molecules (fat)
Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER/processes, packages, and secretes modified cell products
(UPS delivery truck)
Lysosomes - ANSWER/vesicle that digests macromolecules and even cell parts
(garbage disposal)
Peroxisomes - ANSWER/detoxify drugs, alcohol and other potential toxins
Mitochondria the powerhouse of the cell - ANSWER/release energy from food
molecules and transforms energy into useable form. the energy source also site of ATP
What is ATP? - ANSWER/Adenosine Triphosphate
Centrosome - ANSWER/helps distribute chromosomes to new cells during cell division
and initiates formation of cells centrioles are inside that help to divide the cells
Cilia and Flagella are: - ANSWER/projections of cells that propels fluids over cellular
surfaces
Simple Diffusion - ANSWER/Movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration
Osmosis - ANSWER/Diffusion of water across a plasma membrane
,Occurs when there is an unequal distribution of water on either side of a selectively
permeable membrane
Tonicity-
Isotonic -
Hypotonic-
Hypertonic- - ANSWER/-concentration of solute versus the concentration of water
-equal concentration of solutes (dissolved substances) and solvent (water) inside and
outside cell; cell shape is maintained
-higher concentration of water (lower concentration of solutes) outside cell; water
moves into cell causing it to swell and eventually lyse
- lower concentration of water (higher concentration of solutes) outside cell; water
moves out of cell causing it to shrink or crenate
Filtration - ANSWER/is the movement of liquid from high pressure to low pressure
Active transport - ANSWER/Solutes move up their concentration gradient
•Requires a protein carrier (often called pumps)
•Requires the use of cellular energy
Endocytosis - ANSWER/In the plasma membrane envelopes a substance
and forms an intracellular vesicle
Exocytosis - ANSWER/In a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane as
secretion occurs
Apoptosis - ANSWER/(cell death) occurs at the RESTRICTION CHECKPOINT if the
cell did not complete mitosis and is abnormal
The cell cycle consist of: - ANSWER/Interphase,g1 phrase, S phrase and g2 phrase,
and the mitotic stage, which includes mitosis,4 stages, and cytokinesis
Mitosis 4 stages: - ANSWER/Prophase: about to divide
Metaphase: chromosomes are lined up
Anaphase: the sister chromatids separate Telophase:
two distinct and separate daughter nuclei
Cytokinesis - ANSWER/division of the cytoplasm and organelles
Gametes - ANSWER/,sperm or ova, that results have half the normal number of
chromosomes
Phagocytosis it happens in Endocytosis - ANSWER/"cell eating" - cell ingests solid
particles
Pinocytosis it happens in Endocytosis - ANSWER/"cell drinking"- cell consumes
solutions
Osmotic pressure - ANSWER/- force exerted on a selectively permeable membrane
, Medial - ANSWER/Closer to the midline
A chemical substance that helps keep the pH from drastically changing is a(an) -
ANSWER/Buffer
Ions are formed when an atom gains or loses: - ANSWER/Electrons
Which of the following does NOT describe a water molecule? - ANSWER/An ionic
compound
Which of the following is NOT a property of water? - ANSWER/It can absorb only small
quantities of heat without heating up.
What type of bond forms between water molecules? - ANSWER/Hydrogen bond
Water will cling to other surfaces due to hydrogen bonds. This property is refereed to
as: - ANSWER/adhesion
What type of substances will dissolve in water? - ANSWER/Polar molecules and ions
Lateral position means - ANSWER/means toward the side, away from midline
Bilateral position means - ANSWER/refers to paired structures, one on each side. (The
lungs are bilateral)
Ipsilateral position means - ANSWER/refers to sturcutres on the same side. (the right
lung and right kidney are ipsilateral)
Contralateral - ANSWER/refers to structures on the opposite side.(A patient with a
fractured right leg would have to bear weight on the contralateral left lower limb)
Postiviely charged ions are called
Negatively charged ions are called - ANSWER/Cations
Anions
ANSWER/Diffusion of water across a plasma membrane
Occurs when there is an unequal distribution of water on either side of a selectively
permeable membrane
Tonicity-
Isotonic -
Hypotonic-
Hypertonic- - ANSWER/-concentration of solute versus the concentration of water
-equal concentration of solutes (dissolved substances) and solvent (water) inside and
outside cell; cell shape is maintained
-higher concentration of water (lower concentration of solutes) outside cell; water
moves into cell causing it to swell and eventually lyse
200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+BRAND
NEW!!.pdf
When body temperature rises, the body responds by causing sweating and dilation of
skin blood vessels. This type of response is called - ANSWER/Negative feedback
What is the mechanism called which brings about an increasing change in the same
direction? - ANSWER/Positive feedback
A disease that affects the entire body or involves several organ systems is refereed to
as - ANSWER/Systemic
The calf is to the knee. - ANSWER/Distal-body is FARTHER from
attachment
The directional term lateral describes a structure that is: - ANSWER/further from the
midline
The little or "pinky" finger is to the thumb. - ANSWER/medial
The term sural refers to the: - ANSWER/Calf
Identify the plane that would divide the body into left and right sides. - ANSWER/Sagittal
The vertebral canal and cranial cavity is located within the cavity. -
ANSWER/posterior, dorsal, cavity
Identify the two primary cavities within the ventral cavity. - ANSWER/thoracic and
abdominopelvic cavities
Emily needs to have her gall bladder removed. Her incision would be in the
quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity - ANSWER/Upper right
Plasma Membrane - ANSWER/outer surface that regulates entrance and exit of
molecules (phospholipid bilayer that said to be semipermeable) because it allows
certain molecules but others to enter the cell.
nucleus is - ANSWER/a large, centrally located structure that contains the
chromosomes and is the control center
,cytoplasm - ANSWER/gelatinous like semi-fluid that is between the nucleus and plasma
membrane
cytoskeleton - ANSWER/maintains cell shape and assists movement of cell parts
Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER/Transports materials within the cell, provides
attachment for ribosomes, and synthesizes
Chromatin - ANSWER/Fiber composed of protein and DNA molecules which contains
cellular information for synthesizing proteins
chromosomes - ANSWER/rod-like structures that contains genes
Nuclear envelope - ANSWER/double membrane that covers the nucleus, the most
important function is surround and contain DNA
Ribosomes - ANSWER/particles that carry out protein synthesizes
Rough ER - ANSWER/Stubbed with ribosomes, processes proteins
Smooth ER - ANSWER/lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipid molecules (fat)
Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER/processes, packages, and secretes modified cell products
(UPS delivery truck)
Lysosomes - ANSWER/vesicle that digests macromolecules and even cell parts
(garbage disposal)
Peroxisomes - ANSWER/detoxify drugs, alcohol and other potential toxins
Mitochondria the powerhouse of the cell - ANSWER/release energy from food
molecules and transforms energy into useable form. the energy source also site of ATP
What is ATP? - ANSWER/Adenosine Triphosphate
Centrosome - ANSWER/helps distribute chromosomes to new cells during cell division
and initiates formation of cells centrioles are inside that help to divide the cells
Cilia and Flagella are: - ANSWER/projections of cells that propels fluids over cellular
surfaces
Simple Diffusion - ANSWER/Movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration
Osmosis - ANSWER/Diffusion of water across a plasma membrane
,Occurs when there is an unequal distribution of water on either side of a selectively
permeable membrane
Tonicity-
Isotonic -
Hypotonic-
Hypertonic- - ANSWER/-concentration of solute versus the concentration of water
-equal concentration of solutes (dissolved substances) and solvent (water) inside and
outside cell; cell shape is maintained
-higher concentration of water (lower concentration of solutes) outside cell; water
moves into cell causing it to swell and eventually lyse
- lower concentration of water (higher concentration of solutes) outside cell; water
moves out of cell causing it to shrink or crenate
Filtration - ANSWER/is the movement of liquid from high pressure to low pressure
Active transport - ANSWER/Solutes move up their concentration gradient
•Requires a protein carrier (often called pumps)
•Requires the use of cellular energy
Endocytosis - ANSWER/In the plasma membrane envelopes a substance
and forms an intracellular vesicle
Exocytosis - ANSWER/In a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane as
secretion occurs
Apoptosis - ANSWER/(cell death) occurs at the RESTRICTION CHECKPOINT if the
cell did not complete mitosis and is abnormal
The cell cycle consist of: - ANSWER/Interphase,g1 phrase, S phrase and g2 phrase,
and the mitotic stage, which includes mitosis,4 stages, and cytokinesis
Mitosis 4 stages: - ANSWER/Prophase: about to divide
Metaphase: chromosomes are lined up
Anaphase: the sister chromatids separate Telophase:
two distinct and separate daughter nuclei
Cytokinesis - ANSWER/division of the cytoplasm and organelles
Gametes - ANSWER/,sperm or ova, that results have half the normal number of
chromosomes
Phagocytosis it happens in Endocytosis - ANSWER/"cell eating" - cell ingests solid
particles
Pinocytosis it happens in Endocytosis - ANSWER/"cell drinking"- cell consumes
solutions
Osmotic pressure - ANSWER/- force exerted on a selectively permeable membrane
, Medial - ANSWER/Closer to the midline
A chemical substance that helps keep the pH from drastically changing is a(an) -
ANSWER/Buffer
Ions are formed when an atom gains or loses: - ANSWER/Electrons
Which of the following does NOT describe a water molecule? - ANSWER/An ionic
compound
Which of the following is NOT a property of water? - ANSWER/It can absorb only small
quantities of heat without heating up.
What type of bond forms between water molecules? - ANSWER/Hydrogen bond
Water will cling to other surfaces due to hydrogen bonds. This property is refereed to
as: - ANSWER/adhesion
What type of substances will dissolve in water? - ANSWER/Polar molecules and ions
Lateral position means - ANSWER/means toward the side, away from midline
Bilateral position means - ANSWER/refers to paired structures, one on each side. (The
lungs are bilateral)
Ipsilateral position means - ANSWER/refers to sturcutres on the same side. (the right
lung and right kidney are ipsilateral)
Contralateral - ANSWER/refers to structures on the opposite side.(A patient with a
fractured right leg would have to bear weight on the contralateral left lower limb)
Postiviely charged ions are called
Negatively charged ions are called - ANSWER/Cations
Anions
ANSWER/Diffusion of water across a plasma membrane
Occurs when there is an unequal distribution of water on either side of a selectively
permeable membrane
Tonicity-
Isotonic -
Hypotonic-
Hypertonic- - ANSWER/-concentration of solute versus the concentration of water
-equal concentration of solutes (dissolved substances) and solvent (water) inside and
outside cell; cell shape is maintained
-higher concentration of water (lower concentration of solutes) outside cell; water
moves into cell causing it to swell and eventually lyse
