NR 341 PHARMACOLOGY CJE EXAM EXAM Questions and Answers (Verified Answers)
||ACTUAL EXAM 2026 TEST!! Graded A+
What are common sensory motor defects in elderly patients? - Correct Answer ✔✔Elderly
patients may experience sensory motor defects.
What cardiovascular changes occur in elderly patients? - Correct Answer ✔✔Elderly patients
experience decreased cardiac output (CO) and blood flow.
What is polypharmacy and why is it common in elderly patients? - Correct Answer
✔✔Polypharmacy refers to the use of multiple medications, which is common in elderly
patients due to chronic illnesses.
How does aging affect drug absorption in elderly patients? - Correct Answer ✔✔Aging leads to
decreased gastric pH, decreased peristalsis, and reduced GI blood flow.
What changes occur in drug distribution in elderly patients? - Correct Answer ✔✔Elderly
patients have increased fat content, decreased body mass and albumin, and decreased body
water.
How does metabolism change in elderly patients? - Correct Answer ✔✔Elderly patients
experience a slower first-pass effect.
What is the impact of aging on drug excretion? - Correct Answer ✔✔Aging results in decreased
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).
What is crucial for pediatric patients regarding medication? - Correct Answer ✔✔Weight/dose
calculation is crucial due to limited studies on pediatric patients.
How does drug absorption differ in pediatric patients? - Correct Answer ✔✔Pediatric patients
have less acidic pH until 1-2 years old, slow gastric emptying, faster IM absorption, and thinner
skin.
What are the distribution characteristics of drugs in pediatric patients? - Correct Answer
✔✔Pediatric patients have low fat content, decreased protein binding, increased blood-brain
barrier permeability, and dehydration.
How does metabolism in pediatric patients differ from adults? - Correct Answer ✔✔Pediatric
patients have an immature first-pass effect, while older children may have increased
metabolism.
, What is the effect of immature kidney function on drug excretion in pediatric patients? - Correct
Answer ✔✔Decreased perfusion and immature kidney function lead to decreased drug
excretion.
What are the pregnancy categories for medications? - Correct Answer ✔✔Category A: No risk to
humans; Category B: No risk to animal fetus; Category C: Adverse risk to animal fetus; Category
D: Possible risk to fetus; Category X: Fetal abnormalities reported, DO NOT GIVE.
What should be considered for lactating mothers regarding medication? - Correct Answer
✔✔Risk is present for lactating mothers despite low medication concentration.
What are the 'Seven Rights' of medication administration? - Correct Answer ✔✔Right drug, right
dose, right time, right route, right patient, right documentation, right reason or indication.
What should be done when a medication error occurs? - Correct Answer ✔✔Ensure client
safety, notify healthcare provider, follow facility procedures, reflect on the situation, and do not
record incident report completion in medical records.
What is the priority when using reversal agents for drug overdoses? - Correct Answer
✔✔Identify the overdose medication.
What are common antidotes for specific drugs? - Correct Answer ✔✔Warfarin: Vitamin K;
Heparin: Protamine; Acetaminophen: Acetylcysteine; Calcium Channel Blockers: Intravenous
Calcium; Benzodiazepines: Flumazenil; Beta Blockers: Glucagon; Opioid Drugs: Naloxone.
What defines an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)? - Correct Answer ✔✔An ADR is an unexpected,
unintended, or excessive response to medications given at therapeutic dosages.
What is an Adverse Drug Event (ADE)? - Correct Answer ✔✔An ADE is an undesirable
occurrence related to the administration of or failure to administer a prescribed medication.
What is the importance of patient education regarding medications? - Correct Answer
✔✔Educate patients on medications, potential interactions, maintain a current medication list,
and verify it with pharmacy.
What is the significance of the Therapeutic Index in pharmacology? - Correct Answer ✔✔A wide
therapeutic index indicates a large range between therapeutic and toxic doses, while a low
therapeutic index indicates a small range, increasing the risk for toxicity.
What are the nursing considerations for using Albuterol? - Correct Answer ✔✔Monitor for
cardiovascular side effects like tachycardia and palpitations, and be aware that long-term use
can decrease B2 effect leading to B1 stimulation.
||ACTUAL EXAM 2026 TEST!! Graded A+
What are common sensory motor defects in elderly patients? - Correct Answer ✔✔Elderly
patients may experience sensory motor defects.
What cardiovascular changes occur in elderly patients? - Correct Answer ✔✔Elderly patients
experience decreased cardiac output (CO) and blood flow.
What is polypharmacy and why is it common in elderly patients? - Correct Answer
✔✔Polypharmacy refers to the use of multiple medications, which is common in elderly
patients due to chronic illnesses.
How does aging affect drug absorption in elderly patients? - Correct Answer ✔✔Aging leads to
decreased gastric pH, decreased peristalsis, and reduced GI blood flow.
What changes occur in drug distribution in elderly patients? - Correct Answer ✔✔Elderly
patients have increased fat content, decreased body mass and albumin, and decreased body
water.
How does metabolism change in elderly patients? - Correct Answer ✔✔Elderly patients
experience a slower first-pass effect.
What is the impact of aging on drug excretion? - Correct Answer ✔✔Aging results in decreased
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).
What is crucial for pediatric patients regarding medication? - Correct Answer ✔✔Weight/dose
calculation is crucial due to limited studies on pediatric patients.
How does drug absorption differ in pediatric patients? - Correct Answer ✔✔Pediatric patients
have less acidic pH until 1-2 years old, slow gastric emptying, faster IM absorption, and thinner
skin.
What are the distribution characteristics of drugs in pediatric patients? - Correct Answer
✔✔Pediatric patients have low fat content, decreased protein binding, increased blood-brain
barrier permeability, and dehydration.
How does metabolism in pediatric patients differ from adults? - Correct Answer ✔✔Pediatric
patients have an immature first-pass effect, while older children may have increased
metabolism.
, What is the effect of immature kidney function on drug excretion in pediatric patients? - Correct
Answer ✔✔Decreased perfusion and immature kidney function lead to decreased drug
excretion.
What are the pregnancy categories for medications? - Correct Answer ✔✔Category A: No risk to
humans; Category B: No risk to animal fetus; Category C: Adverse risk to animal fetus; Category
D: Possible risk to fetus; Category X: Fetal abnormalities reported, DO NOT GIVE.
What should be considered for lactating mothers regarding medication? - Correct Answer
✔✔Risk is present for lactating mothers despite low medication concentration.
What are the 'Seven Rights' of medication administration? - Correct Answer ✔✔Right drug, right
dose, right time, right route, right patient, right documentation, right reason or indication.
What should be done when a medication error occurs? - Correct Answer ✔✔Ensure client
safety, notify healthcare provider, follow facility procedures, reflect on the situation, and do not
record incident report completion in medical records.
What is the priority when using reversal agents for drug overdoses? - Correct Answer
✔✔Identify the overdose medication.
What are common antidotes for specific drugs? - Correct Answer ✔✔Warfarin: Vitamin K;
Heparin: Protamine; Acetaminophen: Acetylcysteine; Calcium Channel Blockers: Intravenous
Calcium; Benzodiazepines: Flumazenil; Beta Blockers: Glucagon; Opioid Drugs: Naloxone.
What defines an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)? - Correct Answer ✔✔An ADR is an unexpected,
unintended, or excessive response to medications given at therapeutic dosages.
What is an Adverse Drug Event (ADE)? - Correct Answer ✔✔An ADE is an undesirable
occurrence related to the administration of or failure to administer a prescribed medication.
What is the importance of patient education regarding medications? - Correct Answer
✔✔Educate patients on medications, potential interactions, maintain a current medication list,
and verify it with pharmacy.
What is the significance of the Therapeutic Index in pharmacology? - Correct Answer ✔✔A wide
therapeutic index indicates a large range between therapeutic and toxic doses, while a low
therapeutic index indicates a small range, increasing the risk for toxicity.
What are the nursing considerations for using Albuterol? - Correct Answer ✔✔Monitor for
cardiovascular side effects like tachycardia and palpitations, and be aware that long-term use
can decrease B2 effect leading to B1 stimulation.
