ANP1105 - MIDTERM 2 UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - a system in which variables are regulated so that internal
conditions remain stable and relatively constant
Examples of homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - Temperature regulation & Blood ion
concentration control
3 essential characteristics of homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - Receptor, control centre,
effector
Receptor - CORRECT ANSWER - Senses change (stimulus) and sends info (afferent pathway) to
control centre
Control centre - CORRECT ANSWER - determines set point for variable maintenance; analyzes
info and determines correct response
Effector - CORRECT ANSWER - provides a means for response to the stimulus (output along
efferent pathway)
Feedback - CORRECT ANSWER - (negative/positive) allows for regulation within a
range/enhance response
Feedback cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - Stimulus
Receptor
Input
Output
Response
,Negative feedback mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER - Output reduces or shuts off stimulus
Goal of negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWER - to prevent sudden and severe changes within
the body
Positive feedback mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER - Response of mechanism enhances original
stimulus and output is further stimulated. Change occurs in the same direction as original response and
goal is to be attained (giving birth, blood clotting)
positive feedback loop in blood clotting - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Break or tear occurs in blood
vessel wall
2) Platelets adhere to site and release chemicals
3) Released chemicals attract more platelets
4) Platelet plug forms
Homeostatic Imbalance - CORRECT ANSWER - most disease can be regarded as a result of its
disturbance. Aging associated with progressive decrease in our ability to maintain homeostasis
Hypothalamus and homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - Control centre for regulating body
temperature, involves both positive and negative feedback
Autonomic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - System of motor neurons to smooth and
cardiac muscles and glands to allow responses usually without our awareness.
Types of Autonomic Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER - sympathetic and parasympathetic
Sympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - the division of the autonomic nervous
system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations (fight or flight)
,Parasympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - the division of the autonomic nervous
system that calms the body, conserving its energy (rest or digest)
peripheral nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - the sensory and motor neurons that connect the
central nervous system to the rest of the body
Motor Division of PNS - CORRECT ANSWER - somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous
system
Somatic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - the division of the peripheral nervous system
that controls the body's skeletal muscles
3 differences between Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER -
1)Sites where nerves originate
2)Relative lengths of pre and post ganglionic fibers
3)Locations of ganglia
Structural characteristics of parasympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Fibers
originate in the brain stem/sacral spinal chord
2) Long preganglionic fibers & short postganglionic fibers
3) Ganglia are near visceral effector organs
Structural characteristics of sympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Fibers
originate in the thoracic and lumbar spinal chord
2) Preganglionic fibers or short and postganglionic fibers are long
3) Ganglia are close to spinal chord
Somatic nervous system pathways and ganglia - CORRECT ANSWER - Thick, myelinated axon
from spinal cord to skeletal muscle; rapid construction of impulses (no ganglia)
, Autonomic nervous system pathways and ganglia - CORRECT ANSWER - Preganglionic neuron:
originates in CNS
Preganglionic axon synapses with 2nd motor neuron (postganglionic) in ganglion outside CNS.
Postganglionic axon to effector organ
Preganglionic neuron - CORRECT ANSWER - First neuron in a series that transmits impulses from
the CNS. Axons are thin and lightly myelinated.
Postganglionic neuron - CORRECT ANSWER - Neurons of the autonomic nervous system that
form synapses directly with their target organ. Axons are thinner and unmyelinated.
Parasympathetic division - CORRECT ANSWER - Active in non-stressful situations (rest &
digest). Keeps body's energy use low while regulating digestion, elimination of wastes, etc. Also known
as the D system
Why is the parasympathetic division known as the D system - CORRECT ANSWER - Functions in
digestion, defacation, diuresis
Sympathetic division - CORRECT ANSWER - Fight or flight system, important during exercise:
increased heart rate, apid, deep breathing. Also known as the E system
Why is the sympathetic division known as the E system - CORRECT ANSWER - Functions in
exercise, excitement, emergency, embarrassment
Somatic nervous system and vascular tone - CORRECT ANSWER - Alpha blocking drugs to treat
hypertension, blood shunting possible via vasoconstriction/vasodilation
Blood shunting - CORRECT ANSWER - when specific blood vessels shut off so less of an animal's
warm blood flows to cold extremities where heat would be lost
Peripheral nervous system & tone - CORRECT ANSWER - Heart, smooth muscle of GI and
urinary tracts can be over ridden by SNS
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - a system in which variables are regulated so that internal
conditions remain stable and relatively constant
Examples of homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - Temperature regulation & Blood ion
concentration control
3 essential characteristics of homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - Receptor, control centre,
effector
Receptor - CORRECT ANSWER - Senses change (stimulus) and sends info (afferent pathway) to
control centre
Control centre - CORRECT ANSWER - determines set point for variable maintenance; analyzes
info and determines correct response
Effector - CORRECT ANSWER - provides a means for response to the stimulus (output along
efferent pathway)
Feedback - CORRECT ANSWER - (negative/positive) allows for regulation within a
range/enhance response
Feedback cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - Stimulus
Receptor
Input
Output
Response
,Negative feedback mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER - Output reduces or shuts off stimulus
Goal of negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWER - to prevent sudden and severe changes within
the body
Positive feedback mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER - Response of mechanism enhances original
stimulus and output is further stimulated. Change occurs in the same direction as original response and
goal is to be attained (giving birth, blood clotting)
positive feedback loop in blood clotting - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Break or tear occurs in blood
vessel wall
2) Platelets adhere to site and release chemicals
3) Released chemicals attract more platelets
4) Platelet plug forms
Homeostatic Imbalance - CORRECT ANSWER - most disease can be regarded as a result of its
disturbance. Aging associated with progressive decrease in our ability to maintain homeostasis
Hypothalamus and homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - Control centre for regulating body
temperature, involves both positive and negative feedback
Autonomic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - System of motor neurons to smooth and
cardiac muscles and glands to allow responses usually without our awareness.
Types of Autonomic Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER - sympathetic and parasympathetic
Sympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - the division of the autonomic nervous
system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations (fight or flight)
,Parasympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - the division of the autonomic nervous
system that calms the body, conserving its energy (rest or digest)
peripheral nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - the sensory and motor neurons that connect the
central nervous system to the rest of the body
Motor Division of PNS - CORRECT ANSWER - somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous
system
Somatic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - the division of the peripheral nervous system
that controls the body's skeletal muscles
3 differences between Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER -
1)Sites where nerves originate
2)Relative lengths of pre and post ganglionic fibers
3)Locations of ganglia
Structural characteristics of parasympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Fibers
originate in the brain stem/sacral spinal chord
2) Long preganglionic fibers & short postganglionic fibers
3) Ganglia are near visceral effector organs
Structural characteristics of sympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Fibers
originate in the thoracic and lumbar spinal chord
2) Preganglionic fibers or short and postganglionic fibers are long
3) Ganglia are close to spinal chord
Somatic nervous system pathways and ganglia - CORRECT ANSWER - Thick, myelinated axon
from spinal cord to skeletal muscle; rapid construction of impulses (no ganglia)
, Autonomic nervous system pathways and ganglia - CORRECT ANSWER - Preganglionic neuron:
originates in CNS
Preganglionic axon synapses with 2nd motor neuron (postganglionic) in ganglion outside CNS.
Postganglionic axon to effector organ
Preganglionic neuron - CORRECT ANSWER - First neuron in a series that transmits impulses from
the CNS. Axons are thin and lightly myelinated.
Postganglionic neuron - CORRECT ANSWER - Neurons of the autonomic nervous system that
form synapses directly with their target organ. Axons are thinner and unmyelinated.
Parasympathetic division - CORRECT ANSWER - Active in non-stressful situations (rest &
digest). Keeps body's energy use low while regulating digestion, elimination of wastes, etc. Also known
as the D system
Why is the parasympathetic division known as the D system - CORRECT ANSWER - Functions in
digestion, defacation, diuresis
Sympathetic division - CORRECT ANSWER - Fight or flight system, important during exercise:
increased heart rate, apid, deep breathing. Also known as the E system
Why is the sympathetic division known as the E system - CORRECT ANSWER - Functions in
exercise, excitement, emergency, embarrassment
Somatic nervous system and vascular tone - CORRECT ANSWER - Alpha blocking drugs to treat
hypertension, blood shunting possible via vasoconstriction/vasodilation
Blood shunting - CORRECT ANSWER - when specific blood vessels shut off so less of an animal's
warm blood flows to cold extremities where heat would be lost
Peripheral nervous system & tone - CORRECT ANSWER - Heart, smooth muscle of GI and
urinary tracts can be over ridden by SNS
