ANP1106 Topic 3 Part 1: Bones and Skeletal
Tissue UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What are the two ways that bone responds to it's environment? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Bone
reacts to amount of force applied by increasing both the density & amount of roughening on bone or
decreasing density when force is reduced or eliminated (eg: paralysis) (deposition vs resorption)
2) Bone stores calcium - resorbed & transferred to bloodstream when needed
Bone - CORRECT ANSWER - living dynamic tissue which responds to it's environment
Functions of bone - CORRECT ANSWER - support, protection, anchorage/movement, mineral
storage, blood cell formation, hormone production, fat storage
Bone Function: Support - CORRECT ANSWER - Framework supporting the body, cradles soft
organs, lower limb bones are pillars to support body trunk, rib cage supports thoracic wall
Bone Function: Protection - CORRECT ANSWER - Fused bones in skull protect the brain,
vertebrae supports spinal cord, rib cage protects organs in the thorax
Bone Function: Anchorage and movement - CORRECT ANSWER - Skeletal muscles attach to
bone by tendons, use bone as levers to move the body, we can move and breathe
bone function: mineral storage - CORRECT ANSWER - Bone is a reservoir for minerals (Ca++
and PO4) - released into bloodstream in ionic form as needed, deposits and withdrawals
go continuously
Bone function: blood cell formation - CORRECT ANSWER - Hematopoiesis occurs in red marrow
of bones.
, Bone function: fat storage - CORRECT ANSWER - Source of energy for the body, stored as yellow
marrow in the cavities of long bones
Bone function: hormone production (osteocalcin) - CORRECT ANSWER - Hormone helps
regulate insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure
What is cartilage? - CORRECT ANSWER - a type of flexible connective tisssue between dense CT
and bone - tough yet flexible
characteristics of cartilage - CORRECT ANSWER - (i) avascular, devoid of nerve fibers
(ii) ground substance contains lots of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) chondroitin sulfate & hyaluronic
acid - also chondronectin (adhesive protein)
(iii) collagen fibers (can have some elastic fibers)
(iv) up to 80% H2O
Perichondrium - CORRECT ANSWER - Fibrous connective tissue membrane covering external
surface of cartilaginous structures
What might perichondrium do in damaged areas? - CORRECT ANSWER - In damaged areas,
perichondrium can form scar tissue because poorly vascularized cartilage repairs badly; ossification of
cartilage occurs with aging!
Chondroblasts - CORRECT ANSWER - immature cartilage cells - actively form cartilage
Chondrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - mature cartilage cells - maintain cartilage
Lacunae - CORRECT ANSWER - localized clusters of chondrocytes in cartilage
Why are lacunae clustered? - CORRECT ANSWER - cells laying down cartilage get stuck inside
the cartilage
Tissue UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What are the two ways that bone responds to it's environment? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Bone
reacts to amount of force applied by increasing both the density & amount of roughening on bone or
decreasing density when force is reduced or eliminated (eg: paralysis) (deposition vs resorption)
2) Bone stores calcium - resorbed & transferred to bloodstream when needed
Bone - CORRECT ANSWER - living dynamic tissue which responds to it's environment
Functions of bone - CORRECT ANSWER - support, protection, anchorage/movement, mineral
storage, blood cell formation, hormone production, fat storage
Bone Function: Support - CORRECT ANSWER - Framework supporting the body, cradles soft
organs, lower limb bones are pillars to support body trunk, rib cage supports thoracic wall
Bone Function: Protection - CORRECT ANSWER - Fused bones in skull protect the brain,
vertebrae supports spinal cord, rib cage protects organs in the thorax
Bone Function: Anchorage and movement - CORRECT ANSWER - Skeletal muscles attach to
bone by tendons, use bone as levers to move the body, we can move and breathe
bone function: mineral storage - CORRECT ANSWER - Bone is a reservoir for minerals (Ca++
and PO4) - released into bloodstream in ionic form as needed, deposits and withdrawals
go continuously
Bone function: blood cell formation - CORRECT ANSWER - Hematopoiesis occurs in red marrow
of bones.
, Bone function: fat storage - CORRECT ANSWER - Source of energy for the body, stored as yellow
marrow in the cavities of long bones
Bone function: hormone production (osteocalcin) - CORRECT ANSWER - Hormone helps
regulate insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure
What is cartilage? - CORRECT ANSWER - a type of flexible connective tisssue between dense CT
and bone - tough yet flexible
characteristics of cartilage - CORRECT ANSWER - (i) avascular, devoid of nerve fibers
(ii) ground substance contains lots of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) chondroitin sulfate & hyaluronic
acid - also chondronectin (adhesive protein)
(iii) collagen fibers (can have some elastic fibers)
(iv) up to 80% H2O
Perichondrium - CORRECT ANSWER - Fibrous connective tissue membrane covering external
surface of cartilaginous structures
What might perichondrium do in damaged areas? - CORRECT ANSWER - In damaged areas,
perichondrium can form scar tissue because poorly vascularized cartilage repairs badly; ossification of
cartilage occurs with aging!
Chondroblasts - CORRECT ANSWER - immature cartilage cells - actively form cartilage
Chondrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - mature cartilage cells - maintain cartilage
Lacunae - CORRECT ANSWER - localized clusters of chondrocytes in cartilage
Why are lacunae clustered? - CORRECT ANSWER - cells laying down cartilage get stuck inside
the cartilage
