ANP1105 Midterm 2 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state;
the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry around a particular level
Dynamic equilibrium (homeostasis) involves: - CORRECT ANSWER - - adequate blood levels of
vital nutrients
-heart activity/blood pressure
-waste accumulation
-core body temperature
Receptor - CORRECT ANSWER - Sense change (stimulus) and send info via afferent pathway to
control center
control center - CORRECT ANSWER - Determines the set point at which the variable is
maintained.
Analyzes info and determines correct response.
Effector - CORRECT ANSWER - provides the means for response (output) through efferent
pathways
Negative Feedback Mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER - Output reduces stimulus through 2
options:
1. process regulated by 1 hormone or neural pathway
2. process regulated in opposite direction by 2 hormones or neural pathways
Goal of negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWER - Prevent sudden, severe changes.
Stops once goal is accomplished.
,Negative Feedback: Body Temperature - CORRECT ANSWER - If too hot: sweating (effectors =
sweat glands)
If too cold: shivering (effectors = skeletal muscles)
Autonomic nervous system helps determine response
Positive Feedback Mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER - The result or response enhances the
original stimulus so that the response is accelerated
Goal of Positive Feedback - CORRECT ANSWER - Positive feedback will drive goal to
completion
Positive Feedback Example: Blood Clotting - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. damage to blood vessel
wall
2. platelets stick to damage site and release chemicals
3. platelet plug forms
4. release chemicals attract more platelets
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - CORRECT ANSWER - A system of motor neurons travelling
to smooth & cardiac muscles & glands to allow involuntary response.
Parasympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - Targets visceral organs, heart, and
glands.
2 neuron pathways (post/presynaptic neuron)
1st half myelinated, 2nd half non myelinated.
Acetylcholine neurotransmitter
sympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - 1 neuron pathway
1st half myelinated
switch neurotransmitter to nor-epinephrine at post-ganglionic axon
, parasympathetic division - CORRECT ANSWER - Rest and Digest
keeps body energy use low while regulating housekeeping activities
sympathetic division - CORRECT ANSWER - Fight or Flight
Important during exercise: increase heart rate, deep breath, cold sweaty skin, dilated pupils
SNS and Vascular Tone - CORRECT ANSWER - Blood vessels kept in state of partial
vasoconstriction.
Constant low level output.
PNS and tone - CORRECT ANSWER - Tonic slowing effect on heart, regulative of contractile
activity of smooth muscle. (Pacemaker)
cooperative effects of dual innervation - CORRECT ANSWER - SNS and PNS act on different
effectors to produce effect
-->best example seen in external genitalia
-->parasympathetic stimulation indices vasodilation of blood vessels and causes erection of the penis and
clitoris during sexual excitement
-->sympathetic stimulation induces ejaculation of the penis or contractions of the female vagina
SNS responsible for - CORRECT ANSWER - -adrendal medulla
-sweat glands
-arrector pili muscles of skin
-kidneys
-blood vessels
-thermoregulation
-renin release from kidneys
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state;
the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry around a particular level
Dynamic equilibrium (homeostasis) involves: - CORRECT ANSWER - - adequate blood levels of
vital nutrients
-heart activity/blood pressure
-waste accumulation
-core body temperature
Receptor - CORRECT ANSWER - Sense change (stimulus) and send info via afferent pathway to
control center
control center - CORRECT ANSWER - Determines the set point at which the variable is
maintained.
Analyzes info and determines correct response.
Effector - CORRECT ANSWER - provides the means for response (output) through efferent
pathways
Negative Feedback Mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER - Output reduces stimulus through 2
options:
1. process regulated by 1 hormone or neural pathway
2. process regulated in opposite direction by 2 hormones or neural pathways
Goal of negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWER - Prevent sudden, severe changes.
Stops once goal is accomplished.
,Negative Feedback: Body Temperature - CORRECT ANSWER - If too hot: sweating (effectors =
sweat glands)
If too cold: shivering (effectors = skeletal muscles)
Autonomic nervous system helps determine response
Positive Feedback Mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER - The result or response enhances the
original stimulus so that the response is accelerated
Goal of Positive Feedback - CORRECT ANSWER - Positive feedback will drive goal to
completion
Positive Feedback Example: Blood Clotting - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. damage to blood vessel
wall
2. platelets stick to damage site and release chemicals
3. platelet plug forms
4. release chemicals attract more platelets
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - CORRECT ANSWER - A system of motor neurons travelling
to smooth & cardiac muscles & glands to allow involuntary response.
Parasympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - Targets visceral organs, heart, and
glands.
2 neuron pathways (post/presynaptic neuron)
1st half myelinated, 2nd half non myelinated.
Acetylcholine neurotransmitter
sympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - 1 neuron pathway
1st half myelinated
switch neurotransmitter to nor-epinephrine at post-ganglionic axon
, parasympathetic division - CORRECT ANSWER - Rest and Digest
keeps body energy use low while regulating housekeeping activities
sympathetic division - CORRECT ANSWER - Fight or Flight
Important during exercise: increase heart rate, deep breath, cold sweaty skin, dilated pupils
SNS and Vascular Tone - CORRECT ANSWER - Blood vessels kept in state of partial
vasoconstriction.
Constant low level output.
PNS and tone - CORRECT ANSWER - Tonic slowing effect on heart, regulative of contractile
activity of smooth muscle. (Pacemaker)
cooperative effects of dual innervation - CORRECT ANSWER - SNS and PNS act on different
effectors to produce effect
-->best example seen in external genitalia
-->parasympathetic stimulation indices vasodilation of blood vessels and causes erection of the penis and
clitoris during sexual excitement
-->sympathetic stimulation induces ejaculation of the penis or contractions of the female vagina
SNS responsible for - CORRECT ANSWER - -adrendal medulla
-sweat glands
-arrector pili muscles of skin
-kidneys
-blood vessels
-thermoregulation
-renin release from kidneys
