ANP 652 Final Study Guide UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Characteristics and Symptoms of Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER - Cognitive: mental decline,
confusion in the evening hours, disorientation, inability to speak or understand language, making things
up, mental confusion, or inability to recognize common things
Behavioral: irritability, personality changes, restlessness, lack of restraint, or wandering and getting lost
Mood: anxiety, loneliness, mood swings, or nervousness
Psychological: depression, hallucination, or paranoia
Muscular: inability to combine muscle movements or unsteady walking
Also common: memory loss, falling, jumbled speech, or sleep disorder
Pathophysiology of Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER - Dementia is caused by damage to or loss of
nerve cells and their connections in the brain. Depending on the area of the brain that's damaged,
dementia can affect people differently and cause different symptoms.
Dementias are often grouped by what they have in common, such as the protein or proteins deposited in
the brain or the part of the brain that's affected. Some diseases look like dementias, such as those caused
by a reaction to medications or vitamin deficiencies, and they might improve with treatment.
What is a focal seizure? - CORRECT ANSWER - Occurs in one part of the brain, child will remain
conscious, may verbalize during the seizure
Triad of Parkinson's Disease - CORRECT ANSWER - resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia
AIDS dementia complex - CORRECT ANSWER - the mental disorder resulting from an attack by
HIV on the brain and nerves
Dementia Screening Tools - CORRECT ANSWER - MMSE
MOCA
,SLUMS
Mini-Cog
Sinusitis treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - Decongestant, acetaminophen, fluids, rest, antibiotics
Broad-spectrum antibiotics for bacterial infection
Antifungals and/or surgery for fungal infection
Symptoms of Acute Angle Glaucoma - CORRECT ANSWER - sudden occular pain, seeing halos
around light, red eye
Giant Cell Ateritis - CORRECT ANSWER - an inflammation of the arteries in and around the
scalp. unknown cause.
Diagnosed by biopsy of the temporal artery.
SXS: HA, jaw pain, vision loss, fever, and fatigue.
TX: Prompt tx w/steroids to prevent permanent vision loss. NSAIDS.
Complications: irreversible vission loss
Temporal arteritis - CORRECT ANSWER - a form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual
impairment, jaw pain, and other symptoms
Trigeminal Neuralgia - CORRECT ANSWER - characterized by severe lightning-like pain due to
an inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve
Measurement of Jugular Oxygen Saturation - CORRECT ANSWER - Normal jugular venous
oxygen saturation (SJVO2) ranges between 60 and 90%. A decline to below 50% is considered indicative
of cerebral ischaemia. Spontaneous episodes of desaturation (SJVO2 < 50% for at least 15 min) were
frequent during the acute phase of these insults.
Types of Migraine headaches - CORRECT ANSWER - Migraines - dysfunction of the brain stem
pathways that normally modulates sensory input. Rise in plasma serotonin dilates the cerebral vessels.
, - can be triggered by: menstrual cycle, bright lights, stress, oral contraceptives, certain foods, fatigue,
overuse of certain meds, sleep deprivation
- migraines without aura is the most common type
- its unilateral with moderate pain; may cause photophobia, phonophobia & nausea
Tension-type - steady & constant feeling of pressure that usually begins in the forehead, temple or back of
neck.
- often bandlike or may be described as " a weight on top of my head"
Cluster Headache - severe form of vascular headache.
- Unilateral and come in clusters of 1 to 8 daily
- excruciating pain localized to the eye & orbit, radiating to the facial & temporal regions
- pain accompanied by watery eyes and may have crescendo-decrescendo pattern
- attacks last from 15min to 3 hrs
- pain described as penetrating
Cranial arteritis -
- fatigue, malaise, weight loss & fever.
- inflammation; heat redness, swelling, tenderness, or pain, over involved artery
- sometimes a tender, swollen, or nodular temporal artery is visible.
- visual problems caused by ischemia of involved structures
- cranial arteritis thought to be immune vasculitis
Etiology of Guillain-Barre Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER - normally preceded by an infection
such as an intestinal diarrhea or upper respiratory tract infection - see Campylobacter Jejuni; also
associated with systemic conditions such as HIV, sarcoidosis, lymphoma, and SLE
Edrophonium Test (Tensilon Test) - CORRECT ANSWER - Injection of the chemical edrophonium
chloride (Tensilon) may result in a sudden, although temporary, improvement in your muscle strength.
This is an indication that you may have myasthenia gravis.
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Characteristics and Symptoms of Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER - Cognitive: mental decline,
confusion in the evening hours, disorientation, inability to speak or understand language, making things
up, mental confusion, or inability to recognize common things
Behavioral: irritability, personality changes, restlessness, lack of restraint, or wandering and getting lost
Mood: anxiety, loneliness, mood swings, or nervousness
Psychological: depression, hallucination, or paranoia
Muscular: inability to combine muscle movements or unsteady walking
Also common: memory loss, falling, jumbled speech, or sleep disorder
Pathophysiology of Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER - Dementia is caused by damage to or loss of
nerve cells and their connections in the brain. Depending on the area of the brain that's damaged,
dementia can affect people differently and cause different symptoms.
Dementias are often grouped by what they have in common, such as the protein or proteins deposited in
the brain or the part of the brain that's affected. Some diseases look like dementias, such as those caused
by a reaction to medications or vitamin deficiencies, and they might improve with treatment.
What is a focal seizure? - CORRECT ANSWER - Occurs in one part of the brain, child will remain
conscious, may verbalize during the seizure
Triad of Parkinson's Disease - CORRECT ANSWER - resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia
AIDS dementia complex - CORRECT ANSWER - the mental disorder resulting from an attack by
HIV on the brain and nerves
Dementia Screening Tools - CORRECT ANSWER - MMSE
MOCA
,SLUMS
Mini-Cog
Sinusitis treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - Decongestant, acetaminophen, fluids, rest, antibiotics
Broad-spectrum antibiotics for bacterial infection
Antifungals and/or surgery for fungal infection
Symptoms of Acute Angle Glaucoma - CORRECT ANSWER - sudden occular pain, seeing halos
around light, red eye
Giant Cell Ateritis - CORRECT ANSWER - an inflammation of the arteries in and around the
scalp. unknown cause.
Diagnosed by biopsy of the temporal artery.
SXS: HA, jaw pain, vision loss, fever, and fatigue.
TX: Prompt tx w/steroids to prevent permanent vision loss. NSAIDS.
Complications: irreversible vission loss
Temporal arteritis - CORRECT ANSWER - a form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual
impairment, jaw pain, and other symptoms
Trigeminal Neuralgia - CORRECT ANSWER - characterized by severe lightning-like pain due to
an inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve
Measurement of Jugular Oxygen Saturation - CORRECT ANSWER - Normal jugular venous
oxygen saturation (SJVO2) ranges between 60 and 90%. A decline to below 50% is considered indicative
of cerebral ischaemia. Spontaneous episodes of desaturation (SJVO2 < 50% for at least 15 min) were
frequent during the acute phase of these insults.
Types of Migraine headaches - CORRECT ANSWER - Migraines - dysfunction of the brain stem
pathways that normally modulates sensory input. Rise in plasma serotonin dilates the cerebral vessels.
, - can be triggered by: menstrual cycle, bright lights, stress, oral contraceptives, certain foods, fatigue,
overuse of certain meds, sleep deprivation
- migraines without aura is the most common type
- its unilateral with moderate pain; may cause photophobia, phonophobia & nausea
Tension-type - steady & constant feeling of pressure that usually begins in the forehead, temple or back of
neck.
- often bandlike or may be described as " a weight on top of my head"
Cluster Headache - severe form of vascular headache.
- Unilateral and come in clusters of 1 to 8 daily
- excruciating pain localized to the eye & orbit, radiating to the facial & temporal regions
- pain accompanied by watery eyes and may have crescendo-decrescendo pattern
- attacks last from 15min to 3 hrs
- pain described as penetrating
Cranial arteritis -
- fatigue, malaise, weight loss & fever.
- inflammation; heat redness, swelling, tenderness, or pain, over involved artery
- sometimes a tender, swollen, or nodular temporal artery is visible.
- visual problems caused by ischemia of involved structures
- cranial arteritis thought to be immune vasculitis
Etiology of Guillain-Barre Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER - normally preceded by an infection
such as an intestinal diarrhea or upper respiratory tract infection - see Campylobacter Jejuni; also
associated with systemic conditions such as HIV, sarcoidosis, lymphoma, and SLE
Edrophonium Test (Tensilon Test) - CORRECT ANSWER - Injection of the chemical edrophonium
chloride (Tensilon) may result in a sudden, although temporary, improvement in your muscle strength.
This is an indication that you may have myasthenia gravis.
