KAPLAN PHARMACOLOGY INTEGRATED
EXAM 2026 WITH QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED SUCCESS | KAPLAN
PHARMACOLOGY LATEST EXAM 2026
The nurse provides care for a client diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The client
receives lithium. Which sign or symptom indicates lithium toxicity? -
ANSWER-Unsteady gait
Lithium is used to treat mania which is part of bipolar disorder (manic-
depressive illness). It is also used on a daily basis to reduce the frequency and
severity of manic episodes. Manic-depressive patients experience severe mood
changes, ranging from an excited or manic state (eg, unusual anger or irritability
or a false sense of well-being) to depression or sadness.
What are the symptoms of too much lithium in your body?
Call your doctor right away if you have diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness, muscle
weakness, tremors, unsteadiness, or other problems with muscle control or
coordination. These may be symptoms of lithium toxicity. Make sure your
doctor knows if you have a heart disorder called Brugada syndrome.
Treatment varies
https://www.healthline.com/health/lithium-toxicity#treatment
Moderate to severe toxicity
,Moderate to severe lithium toxicity usually requires additional treatment, such
as:
Stomach pumping. This procedure may be an option if you've taken lithium
within the last hour.
Whole bowel irrigation. You'll swallow a solution or be given one through a
tube to help flush the extra lithium out of your intestines.
IV fluids. You may need these to restore your electrolyte balance.
Hemodialysis. This procedure uses an artificial kidney, called a hemodialyzer,
to remove waste from your blood.
Medication. If you start to have seizures, your doctor might prescribe an
anticonvulsant medication.
Vital sign monitoring. Your doctor may choose to keep you under supervision
while they monitor your vital signs, including your blood pressure and heart
rate, for any unusual signs.
The nurse teaches the client about sublingual nitroglycerin administration.
Which client statement indicates further teaching is necessary? - ANSWER-I
will swallow frequently until the tablet completely dissolves.
Nitroglycerin is used to prevent angina (chest pain) caused by coronary artery
disease. This medicine is also used to relieve an angina attack that is already
occurring. Nitroglycerin belongs to the group of medicines called nitrates. It
works by relaxing the blood vessels and increasing the supply of blood and
oxygen to the heart while reducing its work load. When used regularly on a
long-term basis, or just before exercise or a stressful event, this helps prevent
angina attacks from occurring.
What happens if you swallow a nitroglycerin tablet?
If you accidentally swallow the tablet, take another. The medicine won't work if
you swallow it. For between-cheek-and-gum (buccal) tablets, place the tablet
between your cheek and gum. Leave it there until it dissolves. Nitroglycerin
sublingual tablets should not be chewed, crushed, or swallowed. They work
much faster when absorbed through the lining of the mouth.
,A client is receiving 5% dextrose in 0.45% saline IV at 150 mL per hour in the
forearm. Which finding best indicates to the nurse the IV is infiltrated? -
ANSWER-The client reports the arm is painful.
What are signs of an infiltration/extravasation?
Redness around the site.
Swelling, puffy or hard skin around the site.
Blanching (lighter skin around the IV site)
Pain or tenderness around the site.
IV not working.
Cool skin temperature around the IV site or of the scalp, hand, arm, leg or foot
near the site.
What is dextrose 5% IV used for?
Dextrose injection is a sterile solution used to provide your body with extra
water and carbohydrates (calories from sugar). It is used when a patient is not
able to drink enough liquids or when additional fluids are needed.
Dextrose 5 in .9 Sodium Chloride is a prescription medicine used to treat the
symptoms of Hypoglycemia. Dextrose 5 in .9 Sodium Chloride may be used
alone or with other medications.
The client is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse instructs the client
about taking methotrexate. The nurse includes which statement? - ANSWER-
Report any temperature increases to your health care provider immediately.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect more
than just your joints. In some people, the condition can damage a wide variety
of body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels.
, An autoimmune disorder, rheumatoid arthritis occurs when your immune
system mistakenly attacks your own body's tissues. Unlike the wear-and-tear
damage of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis affects the lining of your joints,
causing a painful swelling that can eventually result in bone erosion and joint
deformity. The inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis is what can
damage other parts of the body as well. While new types of medications have
improved treatment options dramatically, severe rheumatoid arthritis can still
cause physical disabilities.
Signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis may include:
Tender, warm, swollen joints
Joint stiffness that is usually worse in the mornings and after inactivity
Fatigue, fever and loss of appetite
How does methotrexate work? Methotrexate calms your immune system, to
help stop it attacking your body's cells. This helps reduce the inflammation that
causes swollen and stiff joints in rheumatoid arthritis, thickened skin in
psoriasis or damage to your bowel in Crohn's disease (A chronic inflammatory
bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract.). Methotrexate is not
a painkiller.
Methotrexate may cause serious or life-threatening skin reactions. If you
experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately: fever,
rash, blisters, or peeling skin. Methotrexate may decrease the activity of your
immune system, and you may develop serious infections.
A school-aged child is to receive 1.2 million units of penicillin G potassium IV
daily. The medication is divided and given every 6 hours. The medication vial
contains 300,000 units/mL. How many mL does the nurse minister per dose? -
ANSWER-1 mL
The nurse prepares to administer digoxin 0.01 mg/kg PO to a 2-month-old
infant. The infant weighs 5 kg.The sleeping infant's apical pulse is 70 bpm. The
EXAM 2026 WITH QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED SUCCESS | KAPLAN
PHARMACOLOGY LATEST EXAM 2026
The nurse provides care for a client diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The client
receives lithium. Which sign or symptom indicates lithium toxicity? -
ANSWER-Unsteady gait
Lithium is used to treat mania which is part of bipolar disorder (manic-
depressive illness). It is also used on a daily basis to reduce the frequency and
severity of manic episodes. Manic-depressive patients experience severe mood
changes, ranging from an excited or manic state (eg, unusual anger or irritability
or a false sense of well-being) to depression or sadness.
What are the symptoms of too much lithium in your body?
Call your doctor right away if you have diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness, muscle
weakness, tremors, unsteadiness, or other problems with muscle control or
coordination. These may be symptoms of lithium toxicity. Make sure your
doctor knows if you have a heart disorder called Brugada syndrome.
Treatment varies
https://www.healthline.com/health/lithium-toxicity#treatment
Moderate to severe toxicity
,Moderate to severe lithium toxicity usually requires additional treatment, such
as:
Stomach pumping. This procedure may be an option if you've taken lithium
within the last hour.
Whole bowel irrigation. You'll swallow a solution or be given one through a
tube to help flush the extra lithium out of your intestines.
IV fluids. You may need these to restore your electrolyte balance.
Hemodialysis. This procedure uses an artificial kidney, called a hemodialyzer,
to remove waste from your blood.
Medication. If you start to have seizures, your doctor might prescribe an
anticonvulsant medication.
Vital sign monitoring. Your doctor may choose to keep you under supervision
while they monitor your vital signs, including your blood pressure and heart
rate, for any unusual signs.
The nurse teaches the client about sublingual nitroglycerin administration.
Which client statement indicates further teaching is necessary? - ANSWER-I
will swallow frequently until the tablet completely dissolves.
Nitroglycerin is used to prevent angina (chest pain) caused by coronary artery
disease. This medicine is also used to relieve an angina attack that is already
occurring. Nitroglycerin belongs to the group of medicines called nitrates. It
works by relaxing the blood vessels and increasing the supply of blood and
oxygen to the heart while reducing its work load. When used regularly on a
long-term basis, or just before exercise or a stressful event, this helps prevent
angina attacks from occurring.
What happens if you swallow a nitroglycerin tablet?
If you accidentally swallow the tablet, take another. The medicine won't work if
you swallow it. For between-cheek-and-gum (buccal) tablets, place the tablet
between your cheek and gum. Leave it there until it dissolves. Nitroglycerin
sublingual tablets should not be chewed, crushed, or swallowed. They work
much faster when absorbed through the lining of the mouth.
,A client is receiving 5% dextrose in 0.45% saline IV at 150 mL per hour in the
forearm. Which finding best indicates to the nurse the IV is infiltrated? -
ANSWER-The client reports the arm is painful.
What are signs of an infiltration/extravasation?
Redness around the site.
Swelling, puffy or hard skin around the site.
Blanching (lighter skin around the IV site)
Pain or tenderness around the site.
IV not working.
Cool skin temperature around the IV site or of the scalp, hand, arm, leg or foot
near the site.
What is dextrose 5% IV used for?
Dextrose injection is a sterile solution used to provide your body with extra
water and carbohydrates (calories from sugar). It is used when a patient is not
able to drink enough liquids or when additional fluids are needed.
Dextrose 5 in .9 Sodium Chloride is a prescription medicine used to treat the
symptoms of Hypoglycemia. Dextrose 5 in .9 Sodium Chloride may be used
alone or with other medications.
The client is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse instructs the client
about taking methotrexate. The nurse includes which statement? - ANSWER-
Report any temperature increases to your health care provider immediately.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect more
than just your joints. In some people, the condition can damage a wide variety
of body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels.
, An autoimmune disorder, rheumatoid arthritis occurs when your immune
system mistakenly attacks your own body's tissues. Unlike the wear-and-tear
damage of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis affects the lining of your joints,
causing a painful swelling that can eventually result in bone erosion and joint
deformity. The inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis is what can
damage other parts of the body as well. While new types of medications have
improved treatment options dramatically, severe rheumatoid arthritis can still
cause physical disabilities.
Signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis may include:
Tender, warm, swollen joints
Joint stiffness that is usually worse in the mornings and after inactivity
Fatigue, fever and loss of appetite
How does methotrexate work? Methotrexate calms your immune system, to
help stop it attacking your body's cells. This helps reduce the inflammation that
causes swollen and stiff joints in rheumatoid arthritis, thickened skin in
psoriasis or damage to your bowel in Crohn's disease (A chronic inflammatory
bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract.). Methotrexate is not
a painkiller.
Methotrexate may cause serious or life-threatening skin reactions. If you
experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately: fever,
rash, blisters, or peeling skin. Methotrexate may decrease the activity of your
immune system, and you may develop serious infections.
A school-aged child is to receive 1.2 million units of penicillin G potassium IV
daily. The medication is divided and given every 6 hours. The medication vial
contains 300,000 units/mL. How many mL does the nurse minister per dose? -
ANSWER-1 mL
The nurse prepares to administer digoxin 0.01 mg/kg PO to a 2-month-old
infant. The infant weighs 5 kg.The sleeping infant's apical pulse is 70 bpm. The
