BIEN 390 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Nanomaterials - CORRECT ANSWER -the study of phenomena at 1-100 nm
nanomaterials - CORRECT ANSWER -those which have structures components witha t least one
dimension less than 100 nm
Dimensions of nanostructures - CORRECT ANSWER -0D - nanoparticles, 1D - nanowires and
nanorods, 2D - thin films
types of nanomaterials - CORRECT ANSWER -semiconductor (quantum dots), metal
nanomaterials, organic nanomaterials
applications of nanoamterials - CORRECT ANSWER -diagnostics + therapeutics = theranostics
characteristics of metal nanoparticles - CORRECT ANSWER -large surface-area to volume ratio,
high surface energy, electronic structure due to transitions between molecular states, plasmon excitation,
quantum confinement, dangling bonds causing ability to store excess e-
synthesis of MNPs two main methods - CORRECT ANSWER -chemical methods (ie; chemical
reduction of metal salts -- alcohol reduction) or physical methods (ie; exploding wire technique)
requiremnets for synthesis method of MNPs - CORRECT ANSWER -repproducible, shape control
of particles, easy, cheap, monolithic, use less toxic precurors, least number of reagnets, no crazy temps,
one-pot reaction, minimizaing qaste and by-products
physical properties of MNPs (melting temp) - CORRECT ANSWER -melting temp decreases with
dimensions of metallic NPS b/c many surface atoms are less restricted in thermal motions and will
therefore fluctuate more easily spatially, lowering Tm. plateaus heavily at certain size
,optical properties of MNPs - CORRECT ANSWER -electromagnetic radition induces dipoles and
oscillates phase of electric field of incoming light.
stabilizing MNPs - CORRECT ANSWER -place in inert environment (inorganic matrix or
polymer) and adding surface protecting reagenets (like organic lipands or inorganic capping materials)
MNPs in catalysts - CORRECT ANSWER -creates highly active, selective, and long lifteime
catalysts. heterogeneous catalyts are immobilized on innorganic supports whereas in homogenous
catalysts, metal NPs are surrounded with stabiliers.
MNPs in sensors - CORRECT ANSWER -electrochem sensors; on electrode can decrease
overpotentials and turn some reactions reversible (like sensitive sugar and amino acid sensors)
biosensors: enhance electron transfer, and AgNPs can be used as selective biosensors
carbon based nanostructures - CORRECT ANSWER -based on dimensionality and morphology,
done with hydrothermal carbonization (similar to process of coal formation), unique properties ie;
wavelenghts
disadvantages of MNPs - CORRECT ANSWER -high prod cost, long prod time, lack of scalability,
toxic chemicals used and prod has hazardous waste (environmetal) -- therefore focus on using natural or
biomaterials (low cost and minor environmental impact) alternative soluition for energy conversion and
storage
diatoms overview - CORRECT ANSWER -amorphous silica exoskeletons (frustules) of single
celled algae (many specices - w/ diff shapes and functionl surfaces). hierarchical layers.
diatoms applications - CORRECT ANSWER -photonics, energy, and environment. ie; drug
delivery, microfluidics, molecular separation, filtration, adsorption etc
obtaining diatom silica - CORRECT ANSWER -cultivation of diatoms in consideribale quantities.
low cost fossilized diatoms easy from mining indiustry left over
, why do diatoms have optical scattering properties - CORRECT ANSWER -micro scale size and
pore structures similar to wavelengths of light -- can be used as photoelectric devices
disadvantage of diatom optical scattering + how overcome - CORRECT ANSWER -high resistivity
and not favroable for energy conversion, storage etc. to overcome use surface mods like metal or soft gel
coating. or convert diatom to another material like MgO or TiO2 using displacement reactions and
solution coating methods.
Wound closure techniques - CORRECT ANSWER -sutures; for inflammatory responses, scar
tissues, second injury of tissues, and prolonged healing time.
adhesive glue; facile way to clouse wound faster and minimum invation
bioadhesvie classificaitons - CORRECT ANSWER -natural protein derived- fibrin, albumin,
gelatin, collagen etc
syntehtic polumers
goal of bioadhesvies + limitation - CORRECT ANSWER -idea is strong adhesion strenght, good
cost, high biocompatibility. current options either exhibit low adhesion strenght and requrie extra
crosslinker for wound closure OR have good closure but noticeable toxicity
egg albumin adhesive overview - CORRECT ANSWER -nontoxic, biocompatible, biodegradable to
body, abundant resources in nature with very low cost. promotes wound healing. underwater adhesion
shear adhesion strain curves for EAA - CORRECT ANSWER -did diff substrates like pdms, glass
and pigskin (compared to commerical). higher adhesion capacotu on PDMS and glass. comparable on
pigskin. given low cost and environemtnally friednly process, EAA brilliant candidat.e
hydrogen bonding in EAA - CORRECT ANSWER -starts as hydrogen bonded network, protein
aggregaes and ground up in mortar, mixing with water creates new hydorgen bonds in new glue
and CORRECT Answers
Nanomaterials - CORRECT ANSWER -the study of phenomena at 1-100 nm
nanomaterials - CORRECT ANSWER -those which have structures components witha t least one
dimension less than 100 nm
Dimensions of nanostructures - CORRECT ANSWER -0D - nanoparticles, 1D - nanowires and
nanorods, 2D - thin films
types of nanomaterials - CORRECT ANSWER -semiconductor (quantum dots), metal
nanomaterials, organic nanomaterials
applications of nanoamterials - CORRECT ANSWER -diagnostics + therapeutics = theranostics
characteristics of metal nanoparticles - CORRECT ANSWER -large surface-area to volume ratio,
high surface energy, electronic structure due to transitions between molecular states, plasmon excitation,
quantum confinement, dangling bonds causing ability to store excess e-
synthesis of MNPs two main methods - CORRECT ANSWER -chemical methods (ie; chemical
reduction of metal salts -- alcohol reduction) or physical methods (ie; exploding wire technique)
requiremnets for synthesis method of MNPs - CORRECT ANSWER -repproducible, shape control
of particles, easy, cheap, monolithic, use less toxic precurors, least number of reagnets, no crazy temps,
one-pot reaction, minimizaing qaste and by-products
physical properties of MNPs (melting temp) - CORRECT ANSWER -melting temp decreases with
dimensions of metallic NPS b/c many surface atoms are less restricted in thermal motions and will
therefore fluctuate more easily spatially, lowering Tm. plateaus heavily at certain size
,optical properties of MNPs - CORRECT ANSWER -electromagnetic radition induces dipoles and
oscillates phase of electric field of incoming light.
stabilizing MNPs - CORRECT ANSWER -place in inert environment (inorganic matrix or
polymer) and adding surface protecting reagenets (like organic lipands or inorganic capping materials)
MNPs in catalysts - CORRECT ANSWER -creates highly active, selective, and long lifteime
catalysts. heterogeneous catalyts are immobilized on innorganic supports whereas in homogenous
catalysts, metal NPs are surrounded with stabiliers.
MNPs in sensors - CORRECT ANSWER -electrochem sensors; on electrode can decrease
overpotentials and turn some reactions reversible (like sensitive sugar and amino acid sensors)
biosensors: enhance electron transfer, and AgNPs can be used as selective biosensors
carbon based nanostructures - CORRECT ANSWER -based on dimensionality and morphology,
done with hydrothermal carbonization (similar to process of coal formation), unique properties ie;
wavelenghts
disadvantages of MNPs - CORRECT ANSWER -high prod cost, long prod time, lack of scalability,
toxic chemicals used and prod has hazardous waste (environmetal) -- therefore focus on using natural or
biomaterials (low cost and minor environmental impact) alternative soluition for energy conversion and
storage
diatoms overview - CORRECT ANSWER -amorphous silica exoskeletons (frustules) of single
celled algae (many specices - w/ diff shapes and functionl surfaces). hierarchical layers.
diatoms applications - CORRECT ANSWER -photonics, energy, and environment. ie; drug
delivery, microfluidics, molecular separation, filtration, adsorption etc
obtaining diatom silica - CORRECT ANSWER -cultivation of diatoms in consideribale quantities.
low cost fossilized diatoms easy from mining indiustry left over
, why do diatoms have optical scattering properties - CORRECT ANSWER -micro scale size and
pore structures similar to wavelengths of light -- can be used as photoelectric devices
disadvantage of diatom optical scattering + how overcome - CORRECT ANSWER -high resistivity
and not favroable for energy conversion, storage etc. to overcome use surface mods like metal or soft gel
coating. or convert diatom to another material like MgO or TiO2 using displacement reactions and
solution coating methods.
Wound closure techniques - CORRECT ANSWER -sutures; for inflammatory responses, scar
tissues, second injury of tissues, and prolonged healing time.
adhesive glue; facile way to clouse wound faster and minimum invation
bioadhesvie classificaitons - CORRECT ANSWER -natural protein derived- fibrin, albumin,
gelatin, collagen etc
syntehtic polumers
goal of bioadhesvies + limitation - CORRECT ANSWER -idea is strong adhesion strenght, good
cost, high biocompatibility. current options either exhibit low adhesion strenght and requrie extra
crosslinker for wound closure OR have good closure but noticeable toxicity
egg albumin adhesive overview - CORRECT ANSWER -nontoxic, biocompatible, biodegradable to
body, abundant resources in nature with very low cost. promotes wound healing. underwater adhesion
shear adhesion strain curves for EAA - CORRECT ANSWER -did diff substrates like pdms, glass
and pigskin (compared to commerical). higher adhesion capacotu on PDMS and glass. comparable on
pigskin. given low cost and environemtnally friednly process, EAA brilliant candidat.e
hydrogen bonding in EAA - CORRECT ANSWER -starts as hydrogen bonded network, protein
aggregaes and ground up in mortar, mixing with water creates new hydorgen bonds in new glue
