lOMoARcPSD|11700591
APPLICATION OF THE NURSING
EXAM 1 REVIEW DRUG NAME THERAPEUTIC
PROCESS IN DRUG THERAPY • generic- only one name INDEX
• to maximize therapeutic responses while per drug, nonproprietary, Measure the drug’s safety,
preventing or minimizing adverse reactions not capitalized determined using the lab
• drug administration, interventions to (acetaminophen) animals. The more narrow
enhance therapeutic effects, interventions • trade- marketed, TI, the more difficult to
to minimize adverse effects and proprietary, multiple trade safety administer.
interactions, patient education names, capitalized HALF-LIFE
• the patient must be evaluated for (Tylenol) Amount of time it
therapeutic responses, adverse drug take the drug to
THERAPEUTIC RANGE
reactions and interactions, adherence to the decrease by 50%
Range of drug that falls between
prescribed regimen, and satisfaction with in the body
Minimum Effective Concentration
treatment
(MEC) & toxic conc. TE means
PHARMAKONETICS PROCESS enough drug produce therapeutic
Absorption- movement from its site of response.
administration into the blood DRUG TO DRUG INTERACTION
Distribution- movement from the blood to its Adverse effects- reactions that are harmful
interstitial space of tissues and from there into and unexpected (side effects are expected)
the cells Therapeutic effect- result of a drugs treatment
Metabolism- the enzymatically mediated to reach the desired result
alteration of drug structure Enhance or decrease effects- One drug can
Excretion- movement of drug and metabolites intensify the effects of other, one drug reduce
out of the body. effect of other, or combo can produce a new
MINIMIZING DRUG-DRUG response seen in neither drugs.
INTERACTIONS ORGAN SPECIFIC
Drugs with overlapping toxicity Hepatotoxic- toxic products that can injure
are not used together. liver cells
DRUG TO FOOD INTERACTION QT Interval- ability of some med to prolong
Increased absorption Grapefruit juice can QT interval on ekg, risking dsyrythmias
inhibit metabolism of certain drugs. MOA &
tyramine mixed can increase toxicity. Meals
, lOMoARcPSD|11700591
TOXICITIES AND ASSESSMENT MED ERRORS REPORTING AND
SKILLS REDUCTION
Adverse Reactions- noxious, unintended & Human Error- performance deficit, knowledge deficit,
undesired effect that occurs at normal drug miscalculation of dosage, drug prep error, computer
doses. error, stocking error, transcription error, stress,
Side Effect- nearly unavoidable secondary fatigue or lack of sleep.
drug effect produced at therapeutic effective Communication Error- written or oral
(mostly predictable) miscommunication
Allergic Reaction- degree of detrimental Name Confusion- drug name is not correct
physiologic effects caused by excessive drug FACTORS INFLUENCING
dosing MEDICATION RESPONSE
Idiosyncratic Effect- uncommon drug response
Age- drug sensitivity varies with age
from genetic predisposition
Tolerance- decreased responsiveness to a drug as a result of
Paradoxical Effect- opposition intention of the
a drug admin. (Pharmacodynamic, metabolic, tachyphylaxis)
drug response
Body weight and composition- body size is significant with
Latrogenic Disease- disease produced by drugs
the how the drug can react. Base adjustment on body surface
Physical Dependence- body has adapted to
area rather than weight.
drug exposure
DRUG THERAPY AND PREGNANCY AND
Carcinogenic Effect- ability of medicine to
PEDIATRICS
cause cancers Basic Considerations- risk for mother and fetus, most drugs are
Teratogenic Effect- drug-induced birth defect not tested in pregnant women, must address mother’s health to
NURSING CARE FOR MUSCLE address baby’s health, may put fetus at risk due to lack of testing
Adverse Reactions- Pregnant patient can suffer unique adverse
RELAXANTS
effects. Baby can be dependent on drugs. The drug effects of
Pre-administration Assessment- relief of signs
greatest concern is teratogenesis (birth defects).
and symptoms of muscle spasm
Teratogens- birth defects from drugs, includes neurobehavioral and
Administration- Oral (all central skeletal muscle
metabolic anomalies. (gross malformations)
relaxants), IM, IV
FDA Pregnancy Risk Categories-
Measures to Enhance Therapeutic Effects-
Remote Risk of Fetal Harm- risk in first trimester, not later
increasing/ decreasing dosage
trimesters
Adverse Interactions- CNS depression, hepatic
Proven Risk of Fetal Harm- proof of fetal damage, will have
toxicity, avoiding withdrawal
“WARNINGS” on label, risk of fetal abnormalities
APPLICATION OF THE NURSING
EXAM 1 REVIEW DRUG NAME THERAPEUTIC
PROCESS IN DRUG THERAPY • generic- only one name INDEX
• to maximize therapeutic responses while per drug, nonproprietary, Measure the drug’s safety,
preventing or minimizing adverse reactions not capitalized determined using the lab
• drug administration, interventions to (acetaminophen) animals. The more narrow
enhance therapeutic effects, interventions • trade- marketed, TI, the more difficult to
to minimize adverse effects and proprietary, multiple trade safety administer.
interactions, patient education names, capitalized HALF-LIFE
• the patient must be evaluated for (Tylenol) Amount of time it
therapeutic responses, adverse drug take the drug to
THERAPEUTIC RANGE
reactions and interactions, adherence to the decrease by 50%
Range of drug that falls between
prescribed regimen, and satisfaction with in the body
Minimum Effective Concentration
treatment
(MEC) & toxic conc. TE means
PHARMAKONETICS PROCESS enough drug produce therapeutic
Absorption- movement from its site of response.
administration into the blood DRUG TO DRUG INTERACTION
Distribution- movement from the blood to its Adverse effects- reactions that are harmful
interstitial space of tissues and from there into and unexpected (side effects are expected)
the cells Therapeutic effect- result of a drugs treatment
Metabolism- the enzymatically mediated to reach the desired result
alteration of drug structure Enhance or decrease effects- One drug can
Excretion- movement of drug and metabolites intensify the effects of other, one drug reduce
out of the body. effect of other, or combo can produce a new
MINIMIZING DRUG-DRUG response seen in neither drugs.
INTERACTIONS ORGAN SPECIFIC
Drugs with overlapping toxicity Hepatotoxic- toxic products that can injure
are not used together. liver cells
DRUG TO FOOD INTERACTION QT Interval- ability of some med to prolong
Increased absorption Grapefruit juice can QT interval on ekg, risking dsyrythmias
inhibit metabolism of certain drugs. MOA &
tyramine mixed can increase toxicity. Meals
, lOMoARcPSD|11700591
TOXICITIES AND ASSESSMENT MED ERRORS REPORTING AND
SKILLS REDUCTION
Adverse Reactions- noxious, unintended & Human Error- performance deficit, knowledge deficit,
undesired effect that occurs at normal drug miscalculation of dosage, drug prep error, computer
doses. error, stocking error, transcription error, stress,
Side Effect- nearly unavoidable secondary fatigue or lack of sleep.
drug effect produced at therapeutic effective Communication Error- written or oral
(mostly predictable) miscommunication
Allergic Reaction- degree of detrimental Name Confusion- drug name is not correct
physiologic effects caused by excessive drug FACTORS INFLUENCING
dosing MEDICATION RESPONSE
Idiosyncratic Effect- uncommon drug response
Age- drug sensitivity varies with age
from genetic predisposition
Tolerance- decreased responsiveness to a drug as a result of
Paradoxical Effect- opposition intention of the
a drug admin. (Pharmacodynamic, metabolic, tachyphylaxis)
drug response
Body weight and composition- body size is significant with
Latrogenic Disease- disease produced by drugs
the how the drug can react. Base adjustment on body surface
Physical Dependence- body has adapted to
area rather than weight.
drug exposure
DRUG THERAPY AND PREGNANCY AND
Carcinogenic Effect- ability of medicine to
PEDIATRICS
cause cancers Basic Considerations- risk for mother and fetus, most drugs are
Teratogenic Effect- drug-induced birth defect not tested in pregnant women, must address mother’s health to
NURSING CARE FOR MUSCLE address baby’s health, may put fetus at risk due to lack of testing
Adverse Reactions- Pregnant patient can suffer unique adverse
RELAXANTS
effects. Baby can be dependent on drugs. The drug effects of
Pre-administration Assessment- relief of signs
greatest concern is teratogenesis (birth defects).
and symptoms of muscle spasm
Teratogens- birth defects from drugs, includes neurobehavioral and
Administration- Oral (all central skeletal muscle
metabolic anomalies. (gross malformations)
relaxants), IM, IV
FDA Pregnancy Risk Categories-
Measures to Enhance Therapeutic Effects-
Remote Risk of Fetal Harm- risk in first trimester, not later
increasing/ decreasing dosage
trimesters
Adverse Interactions- CNS depression, hepatic
Proven Risk of Fetal Harm- proof of fetal damage, will have
toxicity, avoiding withdrawal
“WARNINGS” on label, risk of fetal abnormalities
