Chronic Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
why are electrolyes so important? because body needs to be homeostatic
what is the normal range for sodium? 136- 145 mEq/L
altered sodium affects the ______ brain
sodim= strain on the brain/cognitive issues
what are the main s/s of hypernatremia? hallucinations
lethargy
restlessness
irritabilty
seizures
ALL COGNITIVE S/S
what are the ranges for potassium? 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
what does alterd potassium levels affect? heart/cardiac
PRIORITY, if heart is out of wack, entire body is screwed
what are the most common s/s with hyperkalemia? high peaked T waves (ECG)
ventricular dysrythmias
HIGH T waves= HIGH potassium
, what are the most common s/s with hypokalemia? flat/inverted T waves
LOW T waves= LOW potassium
what are the normal ranges for calcium? 9.0-10.5 mEq/L
what are the main reasons for hypercalcemia? cancers
neoplasms
multiple myeloma
what is the main s/s of hypocalcemia? Trousseaus sign
what are the ranges for magnesium? 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
how do we treat hypermagnesemia? IV calcium gluconate loop diuretics
If you have a patient who is experiencing iron meats (red meat, fish, turkey)
deficiency anemia, and you are providing dietary greens (spinach, lettuce, etc)
teaching to them, what types of foods would you beans (black or kidney beans)
encourage them to add to their diet?
What is important for you as the nurse to know when -iron is best absorbed on an empty stomach, but if pt cant tolerate then take
you are administering iron supplements to a patient? with vitamin C (orange juice)
-liquid iron stains teeth, so dilute it and drink it through a straw
What side effects would the patient taking an iron side effects: heartburn, constipation, diarrhea, metallic taste in mouth, black
supplement expect to see and are there any of those stools (expected)
side effects that are something that needs to be take with vitamin C to reduce GI issues
reported to a physician? How would you help manage report to doc, any unbearable s/s
the side effects?
Should a patient take iron on an empty stomach or with iron is best absorbed on an empty stomach (because it is the most acidic then),
meals? Is there anything that they could eat along with if they need to eat something with it, vitamin c is recommended. Ex of vitamin c:
their iron to help with absorption? oranges, lemons, limes, citrus things
If you have a patient who has a low hemoglobin and alternate rest and activity
hematocrit and a diagnosis of anemia, what types of prioritize activites
things would you need to include in the plan of care accommodate to their energy levels
regarding activity? How would you assess the patients maximize 02 levels
ability to perform activity? protect from falls
assess: ADLs, functional assessment?
What symptoms would you see in a patient with fatigue/weakness
anemia? dyspnea
dizziness
palpations
pallor
glositis (inflammation of the tongue)
chelitis (inflammation of lips)
What would you expect the lab values to look like in a low hemoglobin
patient with anemia?
Other than the physical assessment and laboratory first, look at diet!!!! then :
values, what other piece of assessment data is thorough look through medical history
important to look at in a patient with anemia? last resort could look at stool occult blood test or bone marrow biopsy
Answers
why are electrolyes so important? because body needs to be homeostatic
what is the normal range for sodium? 136- 145 mEq/L
altered sodium affects the ______ brain
sodim= strain on the brain/cognitive issues
what are the main s/s of hypernatremia? hallucinations
lethargy
restlessness
irritabilty
seizures
ALL COGNITIVE S/S
what are the ranges for potassium? 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
what does alterd potassium levels affect? heart/cardiac
PRIORITY, if heart is out of wack, entire body is screwed
what are the most common s/s with hyperkalemia? high peaked T waves (ECG)
ventricular dysrythmias
HIGH T waves= HIGH potassium
, what are the most common s/s with hypokalemia? flat/inverted T waves
LOW T waves= LOW potassium
what are the normal ranges for calcium? 9.0-10.5 mEq/L
what are the main reasons for hypercalcemia? cancers
neoplasms
multiple myeloma
what is the main s/s of hypocalcemia? Trousseaus sign
what are the ranges for magnesium? 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
how do we treat hypermagnesemia? IV calcium gluconate loop diuretics
If you have a patient who is experiencing iron meats (red meat, fish, turkey)
deficiency anemia, and you are providing dietary greens (spinach, lettuce, etc)
teaching to them, what types of foods would you beans (black or kidney beans)
encourage them to add to their diet?
What is important for you as the nurse to know when -iron is best absorbed on an empty stomach, but if pt cant tolerate then take
you are administering iron supplements to a patient? with vitamin C (orange juice)
-liquid iron stains teeth, so dilute it and drink it through a straw
What side effects would the patient taking an iron side effects: heartburn, constipation, diarrhea, metallic taste in mouth, black
supplement expect to see and are there any of those stools (expected)
side effects that are something that needs to be take with vitamin C to reduce GI issues
reported to a physician? How would you help manage report to doc, any unbearable s/s
the side effects?
Should a patient take iron on an empty stomach or with iron is best absorbed on an empty stomach (because it is the most acidic then),
meals? Is there anything that they could eat along with if they need to eat something with it, vitamin c is recommended. Ex of vitamin c:
their iron to help with absorption? oranges, lemons, limes, citrus things
If you have a patient who has a low hemoglobin and alternate rest and activity
hematocrit and a diagnosis of anemia, what types of prioritize activites
things would you need to include in the plan of care accommodate to their energy levels
regarding activity? How would you assess the patients maximize 02 levels
ability to perform activity? protect from falls
assess: ADLs, functional assessment?
What symptoms would you see in a patient with fatigue/weakness
anemia? dyspnea
dizziness
palpations
pallor
glositis (inflammation of the tongue)
chelitis (inflammation of lips)
What would you expect the lab values to look like in a low hemoglobin
patient with anemia?
Other than the physical assessment and laboratory first, look at diet!!!! then :
values, what other piece of assessment data is thorough look through medical history
important to look at in a patient with anemia? last resort could look at stool occult blood test or bone marrow biopsy
