NSG124 Hepatobiliary
Study Guide, Notes &
Practice Questions (Liver
& Gallbladder Nursing
Exam Prep 2026)
| Graded A+ | Guaranteed
success|
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
, Cirrhosis chrinic progressive DISEASE of the liver by destruction of the parechymal cells.
The liver attempts to regenerate cells but CANNOT ∴ disorganized regenerative
process
scaring of the liver
Pathology and etiology of cirrhosis Any chronic liver disease
Excessive alcohol
Poor nutrition
Inflammation ∴ HEP C (HCV) or HBV => fibrosis=> cirrhosis
Biliary cirrhosis, primary cholangitis (infection of bile ducts)
Cardiac cirrhosis
Early Manifestations of Cirrhosis Anorexia / n/v / dyspepsia / flatulence / change in bowel habits / DULL abdominal
pain / Palpable liver / fever/ slight weight loss / lassitude (lack of energy)
Late Manifestations of Cirrhosis jaundice, peripheral edema ,ascites , skin lesions, hematologic problems, endocrine
problems, peripheral neuropathy
Portal hypertension Increased blood pressure in liver's portal/hepatic vein
This can then lead to obstruction
Signs and symptoms of portal hypertension IG bleeding
Ascites
Encephalopathy
Reduced platelets (coagulopathy)
Splenomegaly
Large collateral veins
What's the livers role in metabolism Convert ammonia → urea
Encephalopathy Confusion and forgetfulness ∴ poor liver function and diversion of blood flow away
from the liver
melena stool Black tarry stool ∴ upper GI bleed
Esophageal/ gastric varices -complication of cirrhosis RT portal HTN
enlarged collateral blood vessels in esophagus or stomach (varices are new area of
blood flow)
very fragile vessels and can easily rupture and bleed
most life threatening because it can result in hemorrhage and we dont have clotting
factors
Study Guide, Notes &
Practice Questions (Liver
& Gallbladder Nursing
Exam Prep 2026)
| Graded A+ | Guaranteed
success|
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
, Cirrhosis chrinic progressive DISEASE of the liver by destruction of the parechymal cells.
The liver attempts to regenerate cells but CANNOT ∴ disorganized regenerative
process
scaring of the liver
Pathology and etiology of cirrhosis Any chronic liver disease
Excessive alcohol
Poor nutrition
Inflammation ∴ HEP C (HCV) or HBV => fibrosis=> cirrhosis
Biliary cirrhosis, primary cholangitis (infection of bile ducts)
Cardiac cirrhosis
Early Manifestations of Cirrhosis Anorexia / n/v / dyspepsia / flatulence / change in bowel habits / DULL abdominal
pain / Palpable liver / fever/ slight weight loss / lassitude (lack of energy)
Late Manifestations of Cirrhosis jaundice, peripheral edema ,ascites , skin lesions, hematologic problems, endocrine
problems, peripheral neuropathy
Portal hypertension Increased blood pressure in liver's portal/hepatic vein
This can then lead to obstruction
Signs and symptoms of portal hypertension IG bleeding
Ascites
Encephalopathy
Reduced platelets (coagulopathy)
Splenomegaly
Large collateral veins
What's the livers role in metabolism Convert ammonia → urea
Encephalopathy Confusion and forgetfulness ∴ poor liver function and diversion of blood flow away
from the liver
melena stool Black tarry stool ∴ upper GI bleed
Esophageal/ gastric varices -complication of cirrhosis RT portal HTN
enlarged collateral blood vessels in esophagus or stomach (varices are new area of
blood flow)
very fragile vessels and can easily rupture and bleed
most life threatening because it can result in hemorrhage and we dont have clotting
factors
