Comm 289 Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Why does PR emerge? - CORRECT ANSWER - tension between democracy (growing public
participation) vs. corporate power (elite control)
corporate propoganda - CORRECT ANSWER - messaging used to influence public opinion in
favor of corporations, shows communication is used for power
class conflict - CORRECT ANSWER - different economic interests in capitalist society, root cause
of PR development
racial capitalism - CORRECT ANSWER - capitalism built on racial inequality, explains structural
inequality
PR vs. advertising - CORRECT ANSWER - advertising is visible, PR is hidden influence,
advertising is the VISIBLE ARM of corporate speech, PR is its invisible partner
Noam Chomsky - CORRECT ANSWER - citizens must practice "intellectual self-defense" to
resist manipulation
Alex Carey - CORRECT ANSWER - PR develops from conflict between democracy and corporate
power, 3 major developments: growth of democracy, corporate power, corporate propaganda
Stuart Ewen - CORRECT ANSWER - PR is a system that organizes societies understanding of
reality, PR shapes the environment people live in
Walter Lippmann - CORRECT ANSWER - Public is irrational and emotional, society must be
guided by experts who manage public opinion, control is needed
, Gustave Le Bon - CORRECT ANSWER - Crowds are emotional, suggestible, and dangerous,
mass society = not stable or rational, explains fear of masses
Ivy Lee - CORRECT ANSWER - One of the first PR counsels, truth is not objected but are shaped,
framed and controlled through communication, control the story = control reality
rectify the language - CORRECT ANSWER - confuscious, control language = control perception =
control reality
how does PR see the mass? - CORRECT ANSWER - irrational, emotional, unstable and dangerous
constructed truth - CORRECT ANSWER - reality shaped through communication, show truth is
not objective
George Creel - CORRECT ANSWER - head of CPI during WWI, public opinion can be
systematically manufactured on a mass scale using coordinated media, like advertising
CPI - CORRECT ANSWER - committee on public information, coordinated media system to
influence people, first modern PR system, first used in WWI to generate public support for the war
John D. Rockefeller and Ludlow Massacre - CORRECT ANSWER - Rockefeller used violence
and killing but used PR to reframe himself as if he cared about the miners in order to change public view
and discredit the union
When was PR born and why? - CORRECT ANSWER - born in 1914 around the crisis that was
created around the Ludlow Massacre via Rockefeller and his monopoly
What changed considering the fear of people? - CORRECT ANSWER - By 1914 the dread of
social chaos and upheaval from BELOW had replaced the fear of corporate abuse from ABOVE for the
middle class
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Why does PR emerge? - CORRECT ANSWER - tension between democracy (growing public
participation) vs. corporate power (elite control)
corporate propoganda - CORRECT ANSWER - messaging used to influence public opinion in
favor of corporations, shows communication is used for power
class conflict - CORRECT ANSWER - different economic interests in capitalist society, root cause
of PR development
racial capitalism - CORRECT ANSWER - capitalism built on racial inequality, explains structural
inequality
PR vs. advertising - CORRECT ANSWER - advertising is visible, PR is hidden influence,
advertising is the VISIBLE ARM of corporate speech, PR is its invisible partner
Noam Chomsky - CORRECT ANSWER - citizens must practice "intellectual self-defense" to
resist manipulation
Alex Carey - CORRECT ANSWER - PR develops from conflict between democracy and corporate
power, 3 major developments: growth of democracy, corporate power, corporate propaganda
Stuart Ewen - CORRECT ANSWER - PR is a system that organizes societies understanding of
reality, PR shapes the environment people live in
Walter Lippmann - CORRECT ANSWER - Public is irrational and emotional, society must be
guided by experts who manage public opinion, control is needed
, Gustave Le Bon - CORRECT ANSWER - Crowds are emotional, suggestible, and dangerous,
mass society = not stable or rational, explains fear of masses
Ivy Lee - CORRECT ANSWER - One of the first PR counsels, truth is not objected but are shaped,
framed and controlled through communication, control the story = control reality
rectify the language - CORRECT ANSWER - confuscious, control language = control perception =
control reality
how does PR see the mass? - CORRECT ANSWER - irrational, emotional, unstable and dangerous
constructed truth - CORRECT ANSWER - reality shaped through communication, show truth is
not objective
George Creel - CORRECT ANSWER - head of CPI during WWI, public opinion can be
systematically manufactured on a mass scale using coordinated media, like advertising
CPI - CORRECT ANSWER - committee on public information, coordinated media system to
influence people, first modern PR system, first used in WWI to generate public support for the war
John D. Rockefeller and Ludlow Massacre - CORRECT ANSWER - Rockefeller used violence
and killing but used PR to reframe himself as if he cared about the miners in order to change public view
and discredit the union
When was PR born and why? - CORRECT ANSWER - born in 1914 around the crisis that was
created around the Ludlow Massacre via Rockefeller and his monopoly
What changed considering the fear of people? - CORRECT ANSWER - By 1914 the dread of
social chaos and upheaval from BELOW had replaced the fear of corporate abuse from ABOVE for the
middle class
