Comprehensive Psy100 midterm 1 review
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Hub science - CORRECT ANSWER A field connected to many others; psychology links to
medicine, law, education
Wilhelm Wundt - CORRECT ANSWER First experimental psychologist; started voluntarism and
timing mental processes
Voluntarism - CORRECT ANSWER Emphasis on will/choice shaping perception and thought
Edward Titchener - CORRECT ANSWER Structuralist who used introspection to break experience
into sensations, images, feelings
Structuralism - CORRECT ANSWER Break mind into basic elements (sensations, images,
feelings)
Introspection - CORRECT ANSWER Personal observation of one's own thoughts and feelings
Sigmund Freud - CORRECT ANSWER Founder of psychodynamic theory; focus on unconscious,
childhood, clinical applications
William James - CORRECT ANSWER Functionalist; emphasized adaptive purpose of behaviour
and 'stream of consciousness'
Functionalism - CORRECT ANSWER Focus on why behaviour/mental processes work (adaptive
functions)
,Behaviourism - CORRECT ANSWER Study of observable behaviour; downplays internal mental
states
John Watson - CORRECT ANSWER Early behaviourist; 'blank slate' approach; classical
conditioning influence
B.F. Skinner - CORRECT ANSWER Operant conditioning; consequences shape behaviour
(reinforcement/punishment)
Abraham Maslow - CORRECT ANSWER Humanistic psychologist known for hierarchy of needs
and self-actualization
Carl Rogers - CORRECT ANSWER Humanistic client-centred therapy; unconditional positive
regard
Biological psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Study of brain, genetics, physiology underlying
behaviour
Evolutionary psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Emphasizes inherited adaptive aspects of
behaviour
Gestalt psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Perception studied as whole units; 'the whole is more
than the sum'
Cognitive psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Study of information processing, thinking, reasoning
Developmental psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Study of physiological, cognitive, and social
changes that occur in individuals across the lifespan
Social psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Study of how social contexts and groups affect
behaviour
, Personality psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Study of stable individual differences and trait
structure
Clinical psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Study and treatment of abnormal behaviour and
mental disorders
Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Coherent set of ideas that explains and predicts phenomena
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER Testable prediction, usually 'If A then B'
Construct - CORRECT ANSWER Internal attribute not directly observed (e.g., intelligence)
Operational definition - CORRECT ANSWER How a construct is measured or manipulated in a
study
Independent variable - CORRECT ANSWER Manipulated variable
Dependent variable - CORRECT ANSWER Measured outcome
Descriptive research - CORRECT ANSWER Systematic observation methods (case study, survey,
naturalistic)
Survey - CORRECT ANSWER Asking a set of standard questions to many people
Case study - CORRECT ANSWER Deep, in-depth analysis of one or a few people
Correlational study - CORRECT ANSWER Measures associations between variables without
manipulation
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Hub science - CORRECT ANSWER A field connected to many others; psychology links to
medicine, law, education
Wilhelm Wundt - CORRECT ANSWER First experimental psychologist; started voluntarism and
timing mental processes
Voluntarism - CORRECT ANSWER Emphasis on will/choice shaping perception and thought
Edward Titchener - CORRECT ANSWER Structuralist who used introspection to break experience
into sensations, images, feelings
Structuralism - CORRECT ANSWER Break mind into basic elements (sensations, images,
feelings)
Introspection - CORRECT ANSWER Personal observation of one's own thoughts and feelings
Sigmund Freud - CORRECT ANSWER Founder of psychodynamic theory; focus on unconscious,
childhood, clinical applications
William James - CORRECT ANSWER Functionalist; emphasized adaptive purpose of behaviour
and 'stream of consciousness'
Functionalism - CORRECT ANSWER Focus on why behaviour/mental processes work (adaptive
functions)
,Behaviourism - CORRECT ANSWER Study of observable behaviour; downplays internal mental
states
John Watson - CORRECT ANSWER Early behaviourist; 'blank slate' approach; classical
conditioning influence
B.F. Skinner - CORRECT ANSWER Operant conditioning; consequences shape behaviour
(reinforcement/punishment)
Abraham Maslow - CORRECT ANSWER Humanistic psychologist known for hierarchy of needs
and self-actualization
Carl Rogers - CORRECT ANSWER Humanistic client-centred therapy; unconditional positive
regard
Biological psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Study of brain, genetics, physiology underlying
behaviour
Evolutionary psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Emphasizes inherited adaptive aspects of
behaviour
Gestalt psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Perception studied as whole units; 'the whole is more
than the sum'
Cognitive psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Study of information processing, thinking, reasoning
Developmental psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Study of physiological, cognitive, and social
changes that occur in individuals across the lifespan
Social psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Study of how social contexts and groups affect
behaviour
, Personality psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Study of stable individual differences and trait
structure
Clinical psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Study and treatment of abnormal behaviour and
mental disorders
Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Coherent set of ideas that explains and predicts phenomena
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER Testable prediction, usually 'If A then B'
Construct - CORRECT ANSWER Internal attribute not directly observed (e.g., intelligence)
Operational definition - CORRECT ANSWER How a construct is measured or manipulated in a
study
Independent variable - CORRECT ANSWER Manipulated variable
Dependent variable - CORRECT ANSWER Measured outcome
Descriptive research - CORRECT ANSWER Systematic observation methods (case study, survey,
naturalistic)
Survey - CORRECT ANSWER Asking a set of standard questions to many people
Case study - CORRECT ANSWER Deep, in-depth analysis of one or a few people
Correlational study - CORRECT ANSWER Measures associations between variables without
manipulation
