Which of the following drug overdoses could be reversed with the administration of
naloxone?
A. Adderall
B. Meperidine
C. Midazolam
D. Phenobarbital
Give this one a try later!
B. Meperidine
Rationale:
Meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) is a potent narcotic analgesic; its central
nervous system depressant effects can be reversed with the administration of
naloxone. Naloxone (Narcan) is a narcotic antagonist that binds to
opiate/opioid receptor sites in the body, thus blocking the central nervous
system depressant effects (i.e. respiratory depression, hypotension,
bradycardia) that narcotics cause. It is important to note that the effects of
, many narcotic/opiate drugs outlive the effects of a single dose of naloxone;
therefore, repeat doses of naloxone are often needed. Midazolam (Versed) is
a benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic and anticonvulsant; it is not a narcotic.
Phenobarbital (Luminal) is a barbiturate sedative-hypnotic and anticonvulsant;
it is not a narcotic. Adderall (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine) is a central
nervous system stimulate used to treat ADHD; it is not a narcotic.
When released into the bloodstream, glucagon:
A. directly increases circulating blood glucose levels.
B. stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose.
C. stimulates the liver to take in glucose and store it as glycogen.
D. facilitates the cellular uptake of glucose for energy production.
Give this one a try later!
B. stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose.
Rationale:
When the body's blood glucose level falls, such as between meals, glucagon
is released into the bloodstream in order to raise the glucose level. Glucagon,
a hormone secreted by alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans (the endocrine
component of the pancreas), stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to
glucose--a process called glycogenolysis--and then releases it into the
bloodstream. Through the process of glycogenolysis, glucagon indirectly
increases circulating blood glucose levels. Fifty-percent dextrose (D50) is
injected directly into the bloodstream; therefore, it directly increases
circulating blood glucose levels. Insulin is responsible for the removal of
glucose from the blood for storage of glycogen, fats, and protein. When
blood glucose levels are elevated, the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans
secrete insulin, which is carried by the bloodstream to the cells. The cells then
take in more glucose and us
,During your assessment of a patient with a suspected neurologic disorder, you ask him to
shrug his shoulders and turn his head from side to side. Which of the following cranial
nerves are you assessing?
A. Trigeminal
B. Vestibulocochlear
C. Spinal accessory
D. Glossopharyngeal
Give this one a try later!
C. Spinal accessory
Rationale:
If time and patient condition permits, assessment of the 12 pairs of cranial
nerves should be performed. The spinal accessory nerve (XI), a motor nerve,
controls shoulder and neck movements. Asking the patient to shrug his
shoulders and turn his head from side to side assesses cranial nerve XI. The
trigeminal nerve (V) provides motor control to the muscles of chewing and
sensory control to the face, sinuses, and teeth. Asking the patient to clench his
teeth and then lightly stroking your finger over his forehead and cheeks and
asking him to identify where he is being touched assesses cranial nerve V. The
vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), a sensory nerve, controls hearing and balance
perception. Checking a patient's hearing and asking him to stand on one leg (if
safe to do so) assesses cranial nerve VIII. The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
provides motor control to the throat and swallowing mechanism and sensory
control to the tongue, throat, and ear. Asking t
A 26-year-old woman was bitten on the leg by a rattlesnake. She is conscious and alert,
but is anxious. Her BP is 114/66 mm Hg, her heart rate is 112 beats/min, her respirations are
20 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 97%. The paramedic should:
A. elevate the extremity above the level of the heart and administer 1 g of calcium
, chloride IV push.
B. apply a chemical ice pack to the site and splint the entire extremity.
C. splint the affected extremity and establish an IV line with normal
Give this one a try later!
C. splint the affected extremity and establish an IV line with normal saline.
Rationale:
Treatment for a pit viper bite includes placing the patient in a comfortable
position, administering supplemental oxygen (if indicated by pulse oximetry),
splinting the affected extremity and keeping it below the level of the heart,
and promptly transporting to an appropriate facility. Monitor the patient's
cardiac rhythm and establish an IV line. Fluid boluses are not indicated for this
patient because her BP is stable; set the IV at a keep-vein-open (KVO) rate.
Calcium chloride is not indicated for snakebites. Do NOT apply ice to a
snakebite; doing so causes localized vasoconstriction; if envenomation
occurred, this could push the venom further into the circulation. Alert the
receiving facility early and be prepared to provide cardiopulmonary support if
the patient's clinical status deteriorates.
Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?
A. In sickle cell disease, misshapen red blood cells can lodge in the spleen, causing it to
swell and rupture.
B. When the sickle cell gene is inherited from both parents, the patient will probably not
develop the disease.
C. The red blood cells in sickle cell disease have a rounded appearance, rather than the
normal oblong appearance.
D. Despite their altered shape, the red blood cells of a person with sickle cell dise
Give this one a try later!
naloxone?
A. Adderall
B. Meperidine
C. Midazolam
D. Phenobarbital
Give this one a try later!
B. Meperidine
Rationale:
Meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) is a potent narcotic analgesic; its central
nervous system depressant effects can be reversed with the administration of
naloxone. Naloxone (Narcan) is a narcotic antagonist that binds to
opiate/opioid receptor sites in the body, thus blocking the central nervous
system depressant effects (i.e. respiratory depression, hypotension,
bradycardia) that narcotics cause. It is important to note that the effects of
, many narcotic/opiate drugs outlive the effects of a single dose of naloxone;
therefore, repeat doses of naloxone are often needed. Midazolam (Versed) is
a benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic and anticonvulsant; it is not a narcotic.
Phenobarbital (Luminal) is a barbiturate sedative-hypnotic and anticonvulsant;
it is not a narcotic. Adderall (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine) is a central
nervous system stimulate used to treat ADHD; it is not a narcotic.
When released into the bloodstream, glucagon:
A. directly increases circulating blood glucose levels.
B. stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose.
C. stimulates the liver to take in glucose and store it as glycogen.
D. facilitates the cellular uptake of glucose for energy production.
Give this one a try later!
B. stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose.
Rationale:
When the body's blood glucose level falls, such as between meals, glucagon
is released into the bloodstream in order to raise the glucose level. Glucagon,
a hormone secreted by alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans (the endocrine
component of the pancreas), stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to
glucose--a process called glycogenolysis--and then releases it into the
bloodstream. Through the process of glycogenolysis, glucagon indirectly
increases circulating blood glucose levels. Fifty-percent dextrose (D50) is
injected directly into the bloodstream; therefore, it directly increases
circulating blood glucose levels. Insulin is responsible for the removal of
glucose from the blood for storage of glycogen, fats, and protein. When
blood glucose levels are elevated, the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans
secrete insulin, which is carried by the bloodstream to the cells. The cells then
take in more glucose and us
,During your assessment of a patient with a suspected neurologic disorder, you ask him to
shrug his shoulders and turn his head from side to side. Which of the following cranial
nerves are you assessing?
A. Trigeminal
B. Vestibulocochlear
C. Spinal accessory
D. Glossopharyngeal
Give this one a try later!
C. Spinal accessory
Rationale:
If time and patient condition permits, assessment of the 12 pairs of cranial
nerves should be performed. The spinal accessory nerve (XI), a motor nerve,
controls shoulder and neck movements. Asking the patient to shrug his
shoulders and turn his head from side to side assesses cranial nerve XI. The
trigeminal nerve (V) provides motor control to the muscles of chewing and
sensory control to the face, sinuses, and teeth. Asking the patient to clench his
teeth and then lightly stroking your finger over his forehead and cheeks and
asking him to identify where he is being touched assesses cranial nerve V. The
vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), a sensory nerve, controls hearing and balance
perception. Checking a patient's hearing and asking him to stand on one leg (if
safe to do so) assesses cranial nerve VIII. The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
provides motor control to the throat and swallowing mechanism and sensory
control to the tongue, throat, and ear. Asking t
A 26-year-old woman was bitten on the leg by a rattlesnake. She is conscious and alert,
but is anxious. Her BP is 114/66 mm Hg, her heart rate is 112 beats/min, her respirations are
20 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 97%. The paramedic should:
A. elevate the extremity above the level of the heart and administer 1 g of calcium
, chloride IV push.
B. apply a chemical ice pack to the site and splint the entire extremity.
C. splint the affected extremity and establish an IV line with normal
Give this one a try later!
C. splint the affected extremity and establish an IV line with normal saline.
Rationale:
Treatment for a pit viper bite includes placing the patient in a comfortable
position, administering supplemental oxygen (if indicated by pulse oximetry),
splinting the affected extremity and keeping it below the level of the heart,
and promptly transporting to an appropriate facility. Monitor the patient's
cardiac rhythm and establish an IV line. Fluid boluses are not indicated for this
patient because her BP is stable; set the IV at a keep-vein-open (KVO) rate.
Calcium chloride is not indicated for snakebites. Do NOT apply ice to a
snakebite; doing so causes localized vasoconstriction; if envenomation
occurred, this could push the venom further into the circulation. Alert the
receiving facility early and be prepared to provide cardiopulmonary support if
the patient's clinical status deteriorates.
Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?
A. In sickle cell disease, misshapen red blood cells can lodge in the spleen, causing it to
swell and rupture.
B. When the sickle cell gene is inherited from both parents, the patient will probably not
develop the disease.
C. The red blood cells in sickle cell disease have a rounded appearance, rather than the
normal oblong appearance.
D. Despite their altered shape, the red blood cells of a person with sickle cell dise
Give this one a try later!
