Exam 1 Review (PSY 431) UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Nonverbal Communication Regulates conversation, communicates emotion, modifies verbal messages,
provides messages about the therapeutic relationship, offers insight into self-
perceptions, and gives clues that the other person isn't saying what they are
thinking.
Types of Nonverbal Communication - Bodily Behavior
- Eye Behavior
- Facial Expressions
- Voice-Related Behavior
- Observable Automatic Physiological Responses
- Physical Characteristics
- Space
- General Appearance
SOLER A non-verbal, active-listening model to help counselors demonstrate, through
body language, that they are fully engaged and present with a client.
S Sit up straight.
O Open posture.
L Lean forward (slightly).
E Eye contact.
R Relax.
Therapeutic Alliance Collaboration between the counselor and client based on their mutual
agreement on the goals and tasks of counseling.
Bordin's Three Components 1. Goals
2. Task
3. Bond
Goals Shared goals of the counselor and client.
Task Each person's role in the therapeutic dynamic.
Bond Attachment or emotional link between client and counselor.
Psychotherapy Predicts treatment outcome; accounts for more variance in outcome than all
other treatment variables.
, Physical Therapy Associated with treatment adherence, reduction in depressive symptoms,
treatment satisfaction, and improved physical function.
Empathy The ability to understand and shape another person's feelings.
- Commitment to clients from their point of view.
- Commitment to the client within the context of their life.
- Commitment to understanding the dissonance or disconnect between the
client's point of view and reality.
Self-Awareness The capacity to perceive yourself accurately, including your strengths,
weaknesses, thoughts, beliefs, motivations, and emotions.
Professional Issues Considerations for counselors: think about the physical space, start and end on
time, dress professionally.
Confidentiality The ethical duty to protect client privacy by keeping client identity and
disclosures secret.
Limits to Confidentiality - You have the client's explicit permission in writing.
- Mandated court order.
- Suicide risk.
- Plans to harm someone.
- Learn of or suspect a minor (under 18 or 21) is being physically or sexually
abused or neglected.
- Learn or suspect an elderly person (65+) is being abused or neglected.
Informed Consent Shared decision-making process in which the counselor communicates all
necessary information so that the client can make a fully informed decision
about participation in counseling.
Listening Important aspect of counseling; helps counselors gather important information
about the client and build a therapeutic alliance; helps clients tell their stories
and feel that the counselor is present and wants to know them.
Non-Listening Mental multitasking; just going through the motions.
Partial Listening Skimming the surface.
Rehearsing Not listening to think of what to say next.
Tape-Recorder Listening Hearing the words but missing the message.
Empathic Listening Attending and observing.
Types of Verbal Messages 1. Experiences
2. Behaviors
3. Cognitive
4. Affective
Experiences What happens to the client?
Behaviors What the client did or didn't do.
Cognitive Messages Client's thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, and convictions.
CORRECT Answers
Nonverbal Communication Regulates conversation, communicates emotion, modifies verbal messages,
provides messages about the therapeutic relationship, offers insight into self-
perceptions, and gives clues that the other person isn't saying what they are
thinking.
Types of Nonverbal Communication - Bodily Behavior
- Eye Behavior
- Facial Expressions
- Voice-Related Behavior
- Observable Automatic Physiological Responses
- Physical Characteristics
- Space
- General Appearance
SOLER A non-verbal, active-listening model to help counselors demonstrate, through
body language, that they are fully engaged and present with a client.
S Sit up straight.
O Open posture.
L Lean forward (slightly).
E Eye contact.
R Relax.
Therapeutic Alliance Collaboration between the counselor and client based on their mutual
agreement on the goals and tasks of counseling.
Bordin's Three Components 1. Goals
2. Task
3. Bond
Goals Shared goals of the counselor and client.
Task Each person's role in the therapeutic dynamic.
Bond Attachment or emotional link between client and counselor.
Psychotherapy Predicts treatment outcome; accounts for more variance in outcome than all
other treatment variables.
, Physical Therapy Associated with treatment adherence, reduction in depressive symptoms,
treatment satisfaction, and improved physical function.
Empathy The ability to understand and shape another person's feelings.
- Commitment to clients from their point of view.
- Commitment to the client within the context of their life.
- Commitment to understanding the dissonance or disconnect between the
client's point of view and reality.
Self-Awareness The capacity to perceive yourself accurately, including your strengths,
weaknesses, thoughts, beliefs, motivations, and emotions.
Professional Issues Considerations for counselors: think about the physical space, start and end on
time, dress professionally.
Confidentiality The ethical duty to protect client privacy by keeping client identity and
disclosures secret.
Limits to Confidentiality - You have the client's explicit permission in writing.
- Mandated court order.
- Suicide risk.
- Plans to harm someone.
- Learn of or suspect a minor (under 18 or 21) is being physically or sexually
abused or neglected.
- Learn or suspect an elderly person (65+) is being abused or neglected.
Informed Consent Shared decision-making process in which the counselor communicates all
necessary information so that the client can make a fully informed decision
about participation in counseling.
Listening Important aspect of counseling; helps counselors gather important information
about the client and build a therapeutic alliance; helps clients tell their stories
and feel that the counselor is present and wants to know them.
Non-Listening Mental multitasking; just going through the motions.
Partial Listening Skimming the surface.
Rehearsing Not listening to think of what to say next.
Tape-Recorder Listening Hearing the words but missing the message.
Empathic Listening Attending and observing.
Types of Verbal Messages 1. Experiences
2. Behaviors
3. Cognitive
4. Affective
Experiences What happens to the client?
Behaviors What the client did or didn't do.
Cognitive Messages Client's thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, and convictions.
