EXAM 2 Fundamentals NR 226 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Anwers
What are the main causes of electrolytes imbalances? Changes in diet
GI malfunction
Renal problems
Medications
Procedures
Disease process
What is considered an isotonic solution? Fluid with the same tonicity as normal blood
What is considered a hypotonic solution? More dilute than blood
--cell swells
What is considered a hypertonic solution? More concentrated than normal blood
--cell shrinks
, Extracellular fluid volume deficit Body Fluids Have Decreased Volume but Normal Osmolality
-decreased intake of H20 and salt
-Increased GI output
-Increased renal output
-Loss of blood or plasma
-Massive sweating without water and salt intake
Extracellular fluid volume excess Body Fluids Have Increased Volume but Normal Osmolality
-Excessive administration of Na+ containing isotonic IV fluids or oral intake of
salty foods and water
-Renal retention of Na+
Signs of mild Extracellular fluid volume excess Swollen ankles and fingers (rings feel tight) and a gain of 2lbs or more
Bananas are rich in what type of electrolyte Potassium
Foods high in potassium K+ Fruits, potatoes, instant coffee, molasses, brazil nuts,
True or false: Cancer can cause major electrolyte True
imbalances
Calcium-rich foods include dairy products, lentils, fish w/ fine bones, broccoli, oranges, dried fruits, nuts,
chocolate, cocoa, Ovaltine
Best absorption of calcium rich fluids happens with Vitamin D
Undigested fat can prevent ____ and____ from Calcium and Magnesium
absorption
Magnesium-rich foods include dark green leafy vegetables, whole grains, magnesium-containing laxatives and
antacids
Phosphate-rich foods include milk, processed food
What can prevent phosphate absorption? Aluminum antacids
Hypernatremia Abnormally high sodium concentration in the blood
-water deficit
What types of patients should you monitor for Diabetes insipidus
hypernatremia? Osmotic diuresis
-Large amount of perspiration and respiratory water output
-Tube feedings, hypertonic parenteral fluids, or salt tablets
-Dysfunction of osmoreceptor driven thirst drive
Causes of hypernatremia Excessive / rapid IV administration of normal saline, inadequate water intake
and kidney disease
Normal range for sodium 135-145 mEq/L
Signs and symptoms of hypernatremia Confusion, dry mucous membranes, seizures flat neck veins, dry skin, intense
thirst, dark urine, skin tenting
and CORRECT Anwers
What are the main causes of electrolytes imbalances? Changes in diet
GI malfunction
Renal problems
Medications
Procedures
Disease process
What is considered an isotonic solution? Fluid with the same tonicity as normal blood
What is considered a hypotonic solution? More dilute than blood
--cell swells
What is considered a hypertonic solution? More concentrated than normal blood
--cell shrinks
, Extracellular fluid volume deficit Body Fluids Have Decreased Volume but Normal Osmolality
-decreased intake of H20 and salt
-Increased GI output
-Increased renal output
-Loss of blood or plasma
-Massive sweating without water and salt intake
Extracellular fluid volume excess Body Fluids Have Increased Volume but Normal Osmolality
-Excessive administration of Na+ containing isotonic IV fluids or oral intake of
salty foods and water
-Renal retention of Na+
Signs of mild Extracellular fluid volume excess Swollen ankles and fingers (rings feel tight) and a gain of 2lbs or more
Bananas are rich in what type of electrolyte Potassium
Foods high in potassium K+ Fruits, potatoes, instant coffee, molasses, brazil nuts,
True or false: Cancer can cause major electrolyte True
imbalances
Calcium-rich foods include dairy products, lentils, fish w/ fine bones, broccoli, oranges, dried fruits, nuts,
chocolate, cocoa, Ovaltine
Best absorption of calcium rich fluids happens with Vitamin D
Undigested fat can prevent ____ and____ from Calcium and Magnesium
absorption
Magnesium-rich foods include dark green leafy vegetables, whole grains, magnesium-containing laxatives and
antacids
Phosphate-rich foods include milk, processed food
What can prevent phosphate absorption? Aluminum antacids
Hypernatremia Abnormally high sodium concentration in the blood
-water deficit
What types of patients should you monitor for Diabetes insipidus
hypernatremia? Osmotic diuresis
-Large amount of perspiration and respiratory water output
-Tube feedings, hypertonic parenteral fluids, or salt tablets
-Dysfunction of osmoreceptor driven thirst drive
Causes of hypernatremia Excessive / rapid IV administration of normal saline, inadequate water intake
and kidney disease
Normal range for sodium 135-145 mEq/L
Signs and symptoms of hypernatremia Confusion, dry mucous membranes, seizures flat neck veins, dry skin, intense
thirst, dark urine, skin tenting
