ATI PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 4 REVISION
HANDBOOK 2026 ADVERSE DRUG EFFECTS
AND PATIENT SAFETY
◉ Fluphenazine (what is it, how does it work).
Answer: high potency typical antipsychotic
Block dopamine (D2), acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine
receptors in the brain and periphery.
Inhibition of psychotic manifestations, believed to be a result of D2
blockade in the brain.
◉ A nurse is providing teaching with a client, who has
schizophrenia, about strategies to minimize the anticholinergic
effects of fluphenazine. Which of the following instructions should
the nurse suggest for the client?.
Answer: Chew sugarless gum to moisten the mouth.
When taking action, the nurse should instruct the client who is
taking fluphenazine and is experiencing anticholinergic effects to
chew sugarless gum. This instruction would provide moisture to the
client's mouth and decrease the severity of dry mouth which is an
anticholinergic adverse effect.
,◉ Gentamicin.
Answer: Gentamicin is a narrow-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic
prescribed to treat serious infections caused by aerobic bacilli
◉ Complications of Gentamicin.
Answer: Gentamicin can injure cells of the proximal renal tubules.
Naproxen and other NSAIDs can cause renal insufficiency.
The glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys decreases with
advanced age, making this client at increased risk for nephrotoxicity.
◉ What lab values should a nurse monitor for a patient taking
Gentamicin?.
Answer: BUN
Blood creatinine
Peak and trough levels of gentamicin
Specific gravity of urine
Urinalysis
◉ BUN.
Answer: blood urea nitrogen
◉ Nursing actions for a client taking gentamicin.
,Answer: Monitor intake and output.
Notify the provider of low urinary output.
Ensure that the client is adequately hydrated and monitor for fluid
overload.
Assess for manifestations of ototoxicity.
◉ A nurse is preparing a client's medications. The nurse is
responsible for gaining and maintaining knowledge about which of
the following medication information?.
Answer: Adverse Effects
Mechanism of Action
Contraindications
Use knowledge of the therapeutic effect and common adverse effects
of medications to compare expected outcomes with actual findings
◉ total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
Answer: nutrient-complete solution given directly into bloodstream
when person cannot eat by mouth
◉ A nurse is preparing to complete an incident report for a
medication error. What information (4 things) should the nurse
include in the report?.
Answer: Time of the incident
, who was notified of the incident
actions taken following the incident
client identification
◉ Adverse effects of oxybutynin.
Answer: Anticholinergic effects
(dry mouth, eyes,)
blurred vision
Hypotension
peripheral edema
QT interval prolongation
◉ adverse effects of fentanyl patches.
Answer: Respiratory Depression
Hypotension
Constipation
Nausea or Vomiting
◉ Clients who use fentanyl patches will likely need to take what on a
daily basis?.
HANDBOOK 2026 ADVERSE DRUG EFFECTS
AND PATIENT SAFETY
◉ Fluphenazine (what is it, how does it work).
Answer: high potency typical antipsychotic
Block dopamine (D2), acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine
receptors in the brain and periphery.
Inhibition of psychotic manifestations, believed to be a result of D2
blockade in the brain.
◉ A nurse is providing teaching with a client, who has
schizophrenia, about strategies to minimize the anticholinergic
effects of fluphenazine. Which of the following instructions should
the nurse suggest for the client?.
Answer: Chew sugarless gum to moisten the mouth.
When taking action, the nurse should instruct the client who is
taking fluphenazine and is experiencing anticholinergic effects to
chew sugarless gum. This instruction would provide moisture to the
client's mouth and decrease the severity of dry mouth which is an
anticholinergic adverse effect.
,◉ Gentamicin.
Answer: Gentamicin is a narrow-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic
prescribed to treat serious infections caused by aerobic bacilli
◉ Complications of Gentamicin.
Answer: Gentamicin can injure cells of the proximal renal tubules.
Naproxen and other NSAIDs can cause renal insufficiency.
The glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys decreases with
advanced age, making this client at increased risk for nephrotoxicity.
◉ What lab values should a nurse monitor for a patient taking
Gentamicin?.
Answer: BUN
Blood creatinine
Peak and trough levels of gentamicin
Specific gravity of urine
Urinalysis
◉ BUN.
Answer: blood urea nitrogen
◉ Nursing actions for a client taking gentamicin.
,Answer: Monitor intake and output.
Notify the provider of low urinary output.
Ensure that the client is adequately hydrated and monitor for fluid
overload.
Assess for manifestations of ototoxicity.
◉ A nurse is preparing a client's medications. The nurse is
responsible for gaining and maintaining knowledge about which of
the following medication information?.
Answer: Adverse Effects
Mechanism of Action
Contraindications
Use knowledge of the therapeutic effect and common adverse effects
of medications to compare expected outcomes with actual findings
◉ total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
Answer: nutrient-complete solution given directly into bloodstream
when person cannot eat by mouth
◉ A nurse is preparing to complete an incident report for a
medication error. What information (4 things) should the nurse
include in the report?.
Answer: Time of the incident
, who was notified of the incident
actions taken following the incident
client identification
◉ Adverse effects of oxybutynin.
Answer: Anticholinergic effects
(dry mouth, eyes,)
blurred vision
Hypotension
peripheral edema
QT interval prolongation
◉ adverse effects of fentanyl patches.
Answer: Respiratory Depression
Hypotension
Constipation
Nausea or Vomiting
◉ Clients who use fentanyl patches will likely need to take what on a
daily basis?.
