NR 508 WEEK 6 QUIZ / NR508 WEEK 6 QUIZ: LATEST,CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING

NR 508 WEEK 6 QUIZ / NR508 WEEK 6 QUIZ: LATEST,CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING 1. Question : Which disorder is characterized by the formation of abnormal new bone at an accelerated rate beginning with excessive resorption of spongy bone? Student Answer: Osteomalacia Paget disease Osteoporosis Osteosarcoma Question 2. Question : Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, what are the effects of extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs) and receptor activator of RANKL on osteoblasts and osteoclasts? Student Answer: ERKs increase the life span of osteoclasts and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoblasts. ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoclasts and decrease the life span of osteoblasts. ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoblasts and decrease the life span of osteoclasts. ERKs increase the life span of osteoblasts and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoclasts. Question 3. Question : _____ is the temporary displacement of two bones in which the bone surfaces partially lose contact. Student Answer: Dislocation Subluxation Malunion Nonunion Instructor Explanation: Dislocation is the temporary displacement of a bone from its normal position in a joint. If the contact between the two surfaces is only partially lost, the injury is called a subluxation. Question 4. Question : What is the diagnosis of a person who has tennis elbow characterized by tissue degeneration or irritation of the extensor carpi brevis tendon? Student Answer: Lateral epicondylitis Medial tendinitis Bursitis Lateral tendinitis Instructor Explanation: Lateral epicondylopathy, commonly called tennis elbow, is the result of tissue degeneration or irritation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon at its origin. Question 5. Question : Which type of osteoporosis would a person develop after having the left leg in a cast for 8 weeks to treat a compound displaced fracture of the tibia and fibula? Student Answer: Iatrogenic Regional Idiopathic Osteoblastic Instructor Explanation: Classic regional osteoporosis is associated with disuse or immobilization of a limb because of fractures, motor paralysis, or bone or joint inflammation (Figure 42-10). Question 6. Question : Bone death as a result of osteomyelitis is because of Student Answer: formation of immune complexes at the site of infection. localized ischemia. TNF-? and IL-1. impaired nerve innervation at the site of infection. Instructor Explanation: Vessel damage causes local thrombosis (blockage) of the small vessels, which leads to ischemic necrosis (death) of bone. Question 7. Question : By the time osteoporosis is visible on x-ray, up to ____% of bone has been lost. Student Answer: 30 40 50 60 Instructor Explanation: Generally, osteoporosis is detected radiographically as increased radiolucency of bone. By the time abnormalities are detected by x-ray examination, as much as 25% to 30% of bone tissue may have been lost. Question 8. Question : Osteochondrosis is caused by a(n) Student Answer: imbalance between calcitonin and parathyroid hormone. nutritional deficiency of calcium and phosphorus. bacterial infection of the bone. vascular impairment and trauma to bone. Instructor Explanation: Vascular impairment and trauma, coupled with an underlying developmental or genetic predisposition, have been identified as probable causes of osteochondrosis. Question 9. Question : Ewing sarcoma arises from Student Answer: bone marrow. bone-producing mesenchymal cells. metadiaphysis of long bones. embryonal osteocytes. Instructor Explanation: Arising from bone marrow, Ewing sarcoma can break through the cortex of the bone to form a soft-tissue mass. Question 10. Question : An insufficient dietary intake of vitamin _____ can lead to rickets in children. Student Answer: C B12 B6 D Instructor Explanation: Rickets results from either insufficient vitamin D, insensitivity to vitamin D, wasting of vitamin D by the kidney, or inability to absorb vitamin D and calcium in the gut. Question 11. Question : Which protein, absent in muscle cells of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mediates the anchoring of skeletal muscles fibers to the basement membrane? Student Answer: Syntrophin Laminin Dystrophin Troponin Instructor Explanation: Dystrophin is present in normal muscle cells and absent in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dystrophin mediates anchorage of the actin cytoskeleton of skeletal muscle fibers to the basement membrane through a membrane glycoprotein complex. Question 12. Question : Which serum laboratory test is elevated in all forms of osteogenesis imperfecta? Student Answer: Phosphorus Calcium Alkaline phosphatase Total protein Instructor Explanation: Serum alkaline phosphatase is elevated in all forms of the disease. Question 13. Question : Cerebral palsy is usually a result of Student Answer: brain ischemia during birth. prematurity. congenital defects. genetic defect. Instructor Explanation: Cerebral palsy is a static disorder of muscle tone and balance caused by an ischemic insult to the brain, usually perinatally. Question 14. Question : What diagnosis is given when the infant’s hip maintains contact with the acetabulum, but is not well seated within the hip joint? Student Answer: Dislocatable hip Subluxated hip Dislocated hip Subluxable hip Instructor Explanation: The subluxated hip maintains contact with the acetabulum but is not well seated within the hip joint. Question 15. Question : The total mass of muscle in the body can be estimated from which serum laboratory test value? Student Answer: Albumin Blood urea nitrogen Creatinine Creatine Instructor Explanation: Little information is available about the numbers of fibers in a given muscle at various ages, but the total mass of muscle in the body can be estimated from the amount of creatinine excreted in the urine, because the conversion of creatine to creatinine takes place only in muscle (see Chapter 41). Question 16. Question : Which malignancy is characterized by slow-growing lesions that usually have depressed centers and rolled borders and are frequently located on the face and neck? Student Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma Kaposi sarcoma Malignant melanoma Basal cell carcinoma Instructor Explanation: They usually have depressed centers and rolled borders. Lesions are seen most often on people who live in regions with intense sunlight and on those areas of the skin most exposed—namely, the face and neck. Question 17. Question : Which cell is thought to be the progenitor cell of Kaposi sarcoma? Student Answer: Endothelial Keratinocyte Melanocyte Exothelial Instructor Explanation: The endothelial cell is thought to be the progenitor of Kaposi sarcoma but the specific origin is elusive. Question 18. Question : Cutaneous vasculitis develops from the deposit of _____ in small blood vessels as a toxic response allergen. Student Answer: immune complexes IgE complement T lymphocytes Instructor Explanation: Small vessels are usually affected. Immune complexes, which initiate an uncontrolled inflammatory response, are often the cause of damage, and the lesions are often polymorphic. Question 19. Question : Which type of psoriasis is characterized by lesions on the elbows and knees that are well demarcated, thick, silvery, scaly, and erythematous? Student Answer: Plaque Inverse Guttate Erythrodermic Instructor Explanation: The typical lesion of plaque psoriasis is a well-demarcated, thick, silvery, scaly, erythematous plaque surrounded by normal skin. Question 20. Question : An older adult man states he has a sore above his lip that has not healed and is getting bigger. The nurse observes a red scaly patch with an ulcerated center and sharp margins. The nurse recognizes these features as commonly associated with Bowen disease, a form of Student Answer: Kaposi sarcoma. malignant melanoma. basal cell carcinoma. squamous cell carcinoma. Instructor Explanation: Bowen disease is a dysplasia of the basal layer of the dermis or carcinoma in situ. It often is found on unexposed areas of the body and is demonstrated by flat, reddish, scaly patches. These lesions may enlarge to more than 1 cm in diameter. Question 21. Question : What is a common source of tinea corporis? Student Answer: Mites Kittens Fleas Ticks Instructor Explanation: As in tinea capitis, contact with kittens and puppies is a common source of the disorder. Question 22. Question : Which skin disorder has as its hallmark clinical manifestation skin lesions that rupture, creating a thin, flat, honey-colored crust? Student Answer: Rubella Tinea capitis Atopic dermatitis Vesicular impetigo Instructor Explanation: The lesions begin as small vesicles with a honey-colored serum. Yellow to white-brown crusts form as the vesicles rupture and extend radially (Figure 45-4). Question 23. Question : Bullous impetigo is caused by a strain of _____ that produces an exfoliative toxin, resulting in a disruption in cellular adhesion. Student Answer: Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes Escherichia coli Candida albicans Instructor Explanation: Bullous impetigo is a rarer variant of impetigo caused by S. aureus. The staphylococci produce a bacterial toxin called exfoliative toxin (ET) that causes a disruption in desmosomal adhesion molecules with blister formation. Question 24. Question : Which immunoglobulin is elevated in atopic dermatitis? Student Answer: IgA IgM IgE IgG Instructor Explanation: In the acute phase of atopic dermatitis, inflammation is associated with activation of Th-1 cells with overexpression of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL13) and chemokines (CCL1 and CCL18) with increases in IgE, eosinophils, and macrophages. Question 25. Question : Which clinical manifestation is considered the hallmark of atopic dermatitis? Student Answer: Papular rash High fever Vesicles that burst and form crusts Itching Instructor Explanation: Itching is the hallmark of atopic dermatitis, and rubbing and scratching to relieve the itch are responsible for many of the clinical changes of atopic dermatitis.