FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING — ACTUAL
EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED|| ||BRAND
NEW!!!|| ||2026!!!||
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
A nurse is caring for a patient who refuses a
recommended blood transfusion due to religious
beliefs. Which ethical principle should guide the
nurse's response?
A. Beneficence
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Autonomy
D. Justice
✔ CORRECT ANSWER: C. Autonomy
,RATIONALE: Autonomy refers to the patient's right to
make their own healthcare decisions without coercion.
Even when the nurse or provider believes a treatment is
beneficial, the patient's informed refusal must be
respected. Beneficence means acting in the patient's best
interest, and nonmaleficence means avoiding harm, but
neither of these principles overrides a competent patient's
right to self-determination. Justice involves fair distribution
of care and resources. In this scenario, the nurse must
support the patient's decision, provide education,
document the refusal appropriately, and notify the
provider—all without passing judgment.
A nurse checks a patient's apical pulse before
administering digoxin. The rate is 52 beats per minute.
What is the nurse's priority action?
A. Administer the medication and monitor the patient
B. Hold the medication and document the finding
C. Administer half the dose and recheck in 30 minutes
D. Increase the IV fluid rate to compensate
,✔ CORRECT ANSWER: B. Hold the medication and
document the finding
RATIONALE: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that slows the
heart rate, and it is contraindicated when the apical pulse
is below 60 beats per minute in adults. A pulse of 52 bpm
indicates bradycardia, and giving digoxin in this situation
could cause dangerous cardiac dysrhythmias. The nurse
must hold the dose, document the assessment finding,
and notify the primary care provider before any further
action. Administering even a partial dose would be unsafe
and is not standard practice. Adjusting IV fluids is not
related to this situation.
A nurse is assessing a patient's wound and notes
thick, foul-smelling, greenish drainage. How should
the nurse document this finding?
A. Serous drainage
B. Sanguineous drainage
C. Serosanguineous drainage
D. Purulent drainage
, ✔ CORRECT ANSWER: D. Purulent drainage
RATIONALE: Purulent drainage is characterized by a
thick consistency, a musty or foul odor, and a color that
can range from yellow to green to brown depending on the
causative organism. This type of drainage indicates
infection and requires immediate notification of the
provider. Serous drainage is clear and watery, suggesting
normal healing. Sanguineous drainage is red and bloody.
Serosanguineous drainage is a light pink mixture of serum
and red blood cells and is considered normal in the early
stages of wound healing. Accurate documentation of
drainage type is essential for monitoring wound progress
and guiding treatment decisions.
A nurse is teaching a patient with a new pressure
ulcer about wound staging. The nurse explains that
the wound has full-thickness skin loss with visible
subcutaneous tissue destruction but no exposed
bone, tendon, or muscle. Which stage does this
describe?
A. Stage 1
EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED|| ||BRAND
NEW!!!|| ||2026!!!||
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
A nurse is caring for a patient who refuses a
recommended blood transfusion due to religious
beliefs. Which ethical principle should guide the
nurse's response?
A. Beneficence
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Autonomy
D. Justice
✔ CORRECT ANSWER: C. Autonomy
,RATIONALE: Autonomy refers to the patient's right to
make their own healthcare decisions without coercion.
Even when the nurse or provider believes a treatment is
beneficial, the patient's informed refusal must be
respected. Beneficence means acting in the patient's best
interest, and nonmaleficence means avoiding harm, but
neither of these principles overrides a competent patient's
right to self-determination. Justice involves fair distribution
of care and resources. In this scenario, the nurse must
support the patient's decision, provide education,
document the refusal appropriately, and notify the
provider—all without passing judgment.
A nurse checks a patient's apical pulse before
administering digoxin. The rate is 52 beats per minute.
What is the nurse's priority action?
A. Administer the medication and monitor the patient
B. Hold the medication and document the finding
C. Administer half the dose and recheck in 30 minutes
D. Increase the IV fluid rate to compensate
,✔ CORRECT ANSWER: B. Hold the medication and
document the finding
RATIONALE: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that slows the
heart rate, and it is contraindicated when the apical pulse
is below 60 beats per minute in adults. A pulse of 52 bpm
indicates bradycardia, and giving digoxin in this situation
could cause dangerous cardiac dysrhythmias. The nurse
must hold the dose, document the assessment finding,
and notify the primary care provider before any further
action. Administering even a partial dose would be unsafe
and is not standard practice. Adjusting IV fluids is not
related to this situation.
A nurse is assessing a patient's wound and notes
thick, foul-smelling, greenish drainage. How should
the nurse document this finding?
A. Serous drainage
B. Sanguineous drainage
C. Serosanguineous drainage
D. Purulent drainage
, ✔ CORRECT ANSWER: D. Purulent drainage
RATIONALE: Purulent drainage is characterized by a
thick consistency, a musty or foul odor, and a color that
can range from yellow to green to brown depending on the
causative organism. This type of drainage indicates
infection and requires immediate notification of the
provider. Serous drainage is clear and watery, suggesting
normal healing. Sanguineous drainage is red and bloody.
Serosanguineous drainage is a light pink mixture of serum
and red blood cells and is considered normal in the early
stages of wound healing. Accurate documentation of
drainage type is essential for monitoring wound progress
and guiding treatment decisions.
A nurse is teaching a patient with a new pressure
ulcer about wound staging. The nurse explains that
the wound has full-thickness skin loss with visible
subcutaneous tissue destruction but no exposed
bone, tendon, or muscle. Which stage does this
describe?
A. Stage 1
