Nursing NURS401 Final Exam Study Guide Part 1 – Comprehensive Practice Questions and
Answers
Hypoxemia - correct answer ✔✔decrease in the arterial oxygen tension in the blood
Signs of hypoxemia - correct answer ✔✔change in mental status, dyspnea, increase in BP,
changes in HR, dysrhythmias, central cyanosis, diaphoresis, and cool extremeties
Hypoxia - correct answer ✔✔decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells
Signs of long standing hypoxia (COPD and CHF) - correct answer ✔✔drowsiness, fatigue, apathy,
inattentiveness
Oxygen toxicity - correct answer ✔✔caused by an overproduction of oxygen free radicals, which
are by products of cell metabolism
long term complications of oxygen toxicity - correct answer ✔✔alveolar capillary membrane
leading to pulmonary edema, progressing to cell death
Hypoxic drive theory - correct answer ✔✔administration of a high level of oxygen concentration
removes the respiratory drive that has been created largely by the patient's chronic low oxygen
tension
goal of chest physiotherapy - correct answer ✔✔remove bronchial secretions, improve
ventilation, and increase efficiency of respiratory muscles
what does chest physiotherapy include? - correct answer ✔✔postural drainage, chest
percussion, vibration, and breathing retraining
,Breathing retraining for COPD - correct answer ✔✔pursed lip and diaphragmatic breathing
Pneumothroax - correct answer ✔✔air fills pleural space (space between visceral and parietal
pleura of the lung)
-a collapsed lung
Signs of pneumothorax - correct answer ✔✔dyspnea (labored breathing), one sided chest pain,
absent or decreased breath sounds
Pulmonary embolism - correct answer ✔✔blood clot breaks off and circulates through the
venous system
-ventilation perfusion mismatch --> cyanosis
-alveolar dead space is increased. area is ventilated by receives little or no blood
signs of pulmonary embolism - correct answer ✔✔dyspnea (most common symptom)
tachypnea, tachycardia, and anxiety
Pulmonary embolism- nursing role - correct answer ✔✔-death occurs within 1 hour after
symptoms onset- early detection is important
-prevent- leg exercises, ambulation, anti-embolism stockings
-oxygen, IV access, ECG, blood draw
pleural effusion - correct answer ✔✔collection of fluid in between lungs and lining that
surrounds lungs
-caused by irritation, infection, or cancer
signs of pleural effusion - correct answer ✔✔chest percussion- dullness over involved area,
diminished breath sounds, possibly a friction rub
, Pleural effusion- nursing management - correct answer ✔✔support medical regimen
Breathing interventions - correct answer ✔✔assess for underlying problems, position high,
oxygen as needed
Atelectasis - what is it? - correct answer ✔✔closure or collapse of alveoli
Atelectasis- causes - correct answer ✔✔many causes: foreign body, tumor, altered breathing
pattern, pain, prolonged supine position, surgical procedure
Atelectasis- who is at risk? - correct answer ✔✔post op patients (pain, analgesic agents- shallow
breathing)
-impaired cough mech or bedridden
-excessive pressure on the lung tissue
Atelectasis Clinical Manifestations - correct answer ✔✔dyspnea, cough, and sputum production
-increased WOB and hypoxemia
-decreased breath sounds, crackles
-low SpO2
Atelectasis- prevention - correct answer ✔✔frequent turning, early mobilization, incentive
spirometer, deep breathing,
-Secretion management- directed cough, suctioning, nebulizer
Atelectasis- management - correct answer ✔✔-improve ventilation and remove secretion
-do the same strategies as prevention
Answers
Hypoxemia - correct answer ✔✔decrease in the arterial oxygen tension in the blood
Signs of hypoxemia - correct answer ✔✔change in mental status, dyspnea, increase in BP,
changes in HR, dysrhythmias, central cyanosis, diaphoresis, and cool extremeties
Hypoxia - correct answer ✔✔decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells
Signs of long standing hypoxia (COPD and CHF) - correct answer ✔✔drowsiness, fatigue, apathy,
inattentiveness
Oxygen toxicity - correct answer ✔✔caused by an overproduction of oxygen free radicals, which
are by products of cell metabolism
long term complications of oxygen toxicity - correct answer ✔✔alveolar capillary membrane
leading to pulmonary edema, progressing to cell death
Hypoxic drive theory - correct answer ✔✔administration of a high level of oxygen concentration
removes the respiratory drive that has been created largely by the patient's chronic low oxygen
tension
goal of chest physiotherapy - correct answer ✔✔remove bronchial secretions, improve
ventilation, and increase efficiency of respiratory muscles
what does chest physiotherapy include? - correct answer ✔✔postural drainage, chest
percussion, vibration, and breathing retraining
,Breathing retraining for COPD - correct answer ✔✔pursed lip and diaphragmatic breathing
Pneumothroax - correct answer ✔✔air fills pleural space (space between visceral and parietal
pleura of the lung)
-a collapsed lung
Signs of pneumothorax - correct answer ✔✔dyspnea (labored breathing), one sided chest pain,
absent or decreased breath sounds
Pulmonary embolism - correct answer ✔✔blood clot breaks off and circulates through the
venous system
-ventilation perfusion mismatch --> cyanosis
-alveolar dead space is increased. area is ventilated by receives little or no blood
signs of pulmonary embolism - correct answer ✔✔dyspnea (most common symptom)
tachypnea, tachycardia, and anxiety
Pulmonary embolism- nursing role - correct answer ✔✔-death occurs within 1 hour after
symptoms onset- early detection is important
-prevent- leg exercises, ambulation, anti-embolism stockings
-oxygen, IV access, ECG, blood draw
pleural effusion - correct answer ✔✔collection of fluid in between lungs and lining that
surrounds lungs
-caused by irritation, infection, or cancer
signs of pleural effusion - correct answer ✔✔chest percussion- dullness over involved area,
diminished breath sounds, possibly a friction rub
, Pleural effusion- nursing management - correct answer ✔✔support medical regimen
Breathing interventions - correct answer ✔✔assess for underlying problems, position high,
oxygen as needed
Atelectasis - what is it? - correct answer ✔✔closure or collapse of alveoli
Atelectasis- causes - correct answer ✔✔many causes: foreign body, tumor, altered breathing
pattern, pain, prolonged supine position, surgical procedure
Atelectasis- who is at risk? - correct answer ✔✔post op patients (pain, analgesic agents- shallow
breathing)
-impaired cough mech or bedridden
-excessive pressure on the lung tissue
Atelectasis Clinical Manifestations - correct answer ✔✔dyspnea, cough, and sputum production
-increased WOB and hypoxemia
-decreased breath sounds, crackles
-low SpO2
Atelectasis- prevention - correct answer ✔✔frequent turning, early mobilization, incentive
spirometer, deep breathing,
-Secretion management- directed cough, suctioning, nebulizer
Atelectasis- management - correct answer ✔✔-improve ventilation and remove secretion
-do the same strategies as prevention
