Pharm Exam 3 Drugs Chart – Questions & Answers Study Guide

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Analgesic medications/ drugs Opioid Agonist
 Opioids analgesic (agonist) for severe pain
 An agonist binds to an opioid pain receptor in the brain and causes an analgesic response
— the reduction of pain sensation
 Opioid analgesics are very strong pain relievers
 Opioids are classified as both mild and strong agonists
 Mild agonist is codeine, hydrocodone
 strong agonists are morphine, hydromorphone, levorphanol, oxycodone, oxymorphone,
meperidine, fentanyl, and methadone
 extreme caution is to be used in cases of respiratory insufficiency; conditions involving
elevated intra- cranial pressure (e.g., severe head injury); morbid obesity and/or sleep
apnea; myasthenia gravis; paralytic ileus (bowel paralysis); and pregnancy, especially
with long-term use or high dosages.

 Contraindicated in allergy and severe asthma

 Allergy to morphine is said but not really because it is just histamine release so know if it
real allergy or not

 Teach no CNS depressant (alcohol), do not change dosage without HCP, do not
breastfeed

 Side effects N/V, constipation, sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, sedation or
mental status change, overdose.

 Change position slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension

Drug name Classification/ main purpose Miscellaneous
codeine sulfate Opioid agonist  Mostly as antitussive
Opiate analgesic; opium drug (relieve cough)
alkaloid  Schedule 2 drug
Opioid analgesia  Metabolized to
morphine
Purpose: relief cough  Increasing the dose
will not increase the
response aka ceiling
effect
 Combined with
acetaminophen
becomes schedule 3
drug to treat mild to
moderate pain
 Give oral doses with
food to minimize GI
upset

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meperidine HCl Opioid agonist  Meperidine use not
trade name: Demerol) Opioid analgesic recommended
Synthetic opioid analgesic because of the
(schedule II) unpredictable effects
Purpose: treat acute pain of neuro metabolites
at analgesic doses and
risk for seizures

 used with caution
- in elderly
- in patients who require
long-term pain medication
- who have kidney
dysfunction.
 Oral and injectable
forms
 NOT FOR LONG
TERM PAIN
TREATMENT
 Used for acute pain
post op and in
emergency room

methadone HCl Opioid agonist  Eliminated through
trade name: Dolophine Opioid analgesic liver so can be used in
Synthetic opioid analgesic renal impairment
(schedule II) patient.
 May cause cardiac
Purpose: detoxification dysrhythmia
treatment of opioids addicts  Drug accumulates in
tissues and slowly
released Allowing 24
hours dosing
 Half life longer than
duration of activity
morphine sulfate Opioid agonist  High abuse potential
Prototype all opioid drugs  Oral, injectable,
Schedule II controlled rectal, epidural form
substance  Toxic metabolite
morphine 6
Purpose: treat severe pain glucuronide will
accumulate in renal
patient so do not give
to renal impaired
patients
 Do not give CNS

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depressant with this
drug because CNS
depression can occur
propoxyphene HCl Opioid analgesic  In 2010 removed from
trade name: Darcocet Mild agonist market due to adverse
effects
oxycodone hydrochloride Opioid agonist  Combined with
Similar to morphine acetaminophen to
make Percocet
 Only available orally
Fentanyl Opioid agonist  High abuse potential
Synthetic opioid  Transdermal patches,
Schedule II parenteral injection ,
Purpose: treat moderate to buccal forms, oral
severe pain/ manage break  Injectable uses: in
through and procedural pain ICU for sedation and
pre-op
 Transdermal and oral
uses: long term
control of malignant
pain and
nonmalignant chronic
pain
Transdermal/ patch
information
 Treats cancer induced
pain for those who
cannot swallow and
best or non-escalating
pain
 Do not give patch to
opioid naïve, acute
pain patient and post
op patient
 Patches take 6-12
hours for pain control
gives pain control for
72 hours
 Change patch every
72 hours remove old
patch
 Do not give heating
pad or put in hot area
with patch