HLTHAGE 1AA3 Test 1 (Module 1)
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Health Studies - CORRECT ANSWER Addresses health, illness, and medicine through a social
science, humanities, or interdisciplinary lens.
Health Sciences - CORRECT ANSWER The disciplines, typically scientific in nature, that work in
conjunction with medicine (ex. toxicology, genetics, occupational therapy, and pharmacy).
Health (or being 'healthy') - CORRECT ANSWER Holistic sense of well-being.
Holistic/Holism - CORRECT ANSWER Relating to the system as a whole. It refers to the notion
that health and disease can be understood only by approaching the individual as a whole - the physical
body, mental state, social factors, the environment, and so on.
Unhealthy - CORRECT ANSWER A lack of holistic well-being.
Health Inequality - CORRECT ANSWER Differences, variations, and disparities in the health
achievements of individual and groups of people.
Health Equity - CORRECT ANSWER The opportunity to attain their full health potential and no
one is disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of their social position or other socially
determined circumstances.
Health Inequity - CORRECT ANSWER A difference or disparity in health outcomes that is
systemic, avoidable, and unjust (ex. infant mortality rates around the world).
Disciplinarity - CORRECT ANSWER The notion that different disciplines, or fields of study, have
unique ways of addressing an issue.
,Sociology and Health Studies - CORRECT ANSWER Examines the impact of social structures on
the individual.
Health Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Explores how people think in relation to health and
illness and addresses why people may encounter or develop health issues.
Geography and Health Studies - CORRECT ANSWER Focuses on the influence of space and place
on health, wellness and well-being.
Health Care Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER Examines the moral and ethical basis of health and
health care, including professional activities.
Conceptual Fields - CORRECT ANSWER Examine the barriers, inequities and disadvantages =
how these larger structural forms of inequalities impact the individual/group.
Iatrogenic - CORRECT ANSWER An illness or harm that is caused by medical examination or
treatment. Iatrogenesis can be cultural, social, or clinical.
Professional Domains - CORRECT ANSWER Looks at professional and organizational activities
and practices and impacts on professional and service users (ex. nursing, social work, and rehabilitation
science).
Multidisciplinarity - CORRECT ANSWER An approach to an issue that uses the knowledge of
various disciplines with little overlap or communication between them. In this approach, people with
different areas of expertise work in parallel to reach discrete conclusions on a common issue.
Interdisciplinarity - CORRECT ANSWER An approach to an issue in which a researcher draws on
his or her personal experience with and knowledge of different disciplines.
Critical Health Studies - CORRECT ANSWER An approach to health that is characterized by
"criticality." It is interested in challenging and analyzing current conceptions of health and health care.
, This involves questioning social, political, and economic practices; current norms and ideologies; and
practices that marginalize or negatively affect individuals or groups.
Social Constructionism - CORRECT ANSWER A theory that holds that knowledge, definitions,
and social roles are not fixed or inherent but are a dynamic product of society.
Social Constructionist Approach to Health - CORRECT ANSWER - Raises questions of what it
means to be healthy or ill
- Believes health and illness are subjective or relative states; can be based on value judgements
- Asks what factors lead to our understanding of health and illness; impacts on policy and planning
- Examines why these states are defined as they are
- Not interested in whether something is healthy, if a disease is legitimate, etc.
Social Determinist Approach to Health - CORRECT ANSWER - Focuses on social factors that
influence the health of populations
- Takes a realists approach; believes health and illness do exist "out there"
- Defines people as either healthy or ill → binary
- Examines how health and illness are distributed in populations
Eliot Freidson (1970) - CORRECT ANSWER - Dominance of the medical profession over other
healing traditions
- Scientific medicine was not necessarily more effective; rather, the status doctors achieved provided them
a monopoly in the provision of health services
- Medical doctors became the primary holders of medical knowledge
- Due to their dominance, medical doctors attained the power to determine what it means to be healthy
and who is sick
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Thomas Kuhn, 1962) - CORRECT ANSWER - Suggests
the history of science consists of paradigm shifts
- As a new paradigm gains popularity, the old paradigm becomes obsolete
- Scientific facts seen as social constructions
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Health Studies - CORRECT ANSWER Addresses health, illness, and medicine through a social
science, humanities, or interdisciplinary lens.
Health Sciences - CORRECT ANSWER The disciplines, typically scientific in nature, that work in
conjunction with medicine (ex. toxicology, genetics, occupational therapy, and pharmacy).
Health (or being 'healthy') - CORRECT ANSWER Holistic sense of well-being.
Holistic/Holism - CORRECT ANSWER Relating to the system as a whole. It refers to the notion
that health and disease can be understood only by approaching the individual as a whole - the physical
body, mental state, social factors, the environment, and so on.
Unhealthy - CORRECT ANSWER A lack of holistic well-being.
Health Inequality - CORRECT ANSWER Differences, variations, and disparities in the health
achievements of individual and groups of people.
Health Equity - CORRECT ANSWER The opportunity to attain their full health potential and no
one is disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of their social position or other socially
determined circumstances.
Health Inequity - CORRECT ANSWER A difference or disparity in health outcomes that is
systemic, avoidable, and unjust (ex. infant mortality rates around the world).
Disciplinarity - CORRECT ANSWER The notion that different disciplines, or fields of study, have
unique ways of addressing an issue.
,Sociology and Health Studies - CORRECT ANSWER Examines the impact of social structures on
the individual.
Health Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Explores how people think in relation to health and
illness and addresses why people may encounter or develop health issues.
Geography and Health Studies - CORRECT ANSWER Focuses on the influence of space and place
on health, wellness and well-being.
Health Care Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER Examines the moral and ethical basis of health and
health care, including professional activities.
Conceptual Fields - CORRECT ANSWER Examine the barriers, inequities and disadvantages =
how these larger structural forms of inequalities impact the individual/group.
Iatrogenic - CORRECT ANSWER An illness or harm that is caused by medical examination or
treatment. Iatrogenesis can be cultural, social, or clinical.
Professional Domains - CORRECT ANSWER Looks at professional and organizational activities
and practices and impacts on professional and service users (ex. nursing, social work, and rehabilitation
science).
Multidisciplinarity - CORRECT ANSWER An approach to an issue that uses the knowledge of
various disciplines with little overlap or communication between them. In this approach, people with
different areas of expertise work in parallel to reach discrete conclusions on a common issue.
Interdisciplinarity - CORRECT ANSWER An approach to an issue in which a researcher draws on
his or her personal experience with and knowledge of different disciplines.
Critical Health Studies - CORRECT ANSWER An approach to health that is characterized by
"criticality." It is interested in challenging and analyzing current conceptions of health and health care.
, This involves questioning social, political, and economic practices; current norms and ideologies; and
practices that marginalize or negatively affect individuals or groups.
Social Constructionism - CORRECT ANSWER A theory that holds that knowledge, definitions,
and social roles are not fixed or inherent but are a dynamic product of society.
Social Constructionist Approach to Health - CORRECT ANSWER - Raises questions of what it
means to be healthy or ill
- Believes health and illness are subjective or relative states; can be based on value judgements
- Asks what factors lead to our understanding of health and illness; impacts on policy and planning
- Examines why these states are defined as they are
- Not interested in whether something is healthy, if a disease is legitimate, etc.
Social Determinist Approach to Health - CORRECT ANSWER - Focuses on social factors that
influence the health of populations
- Takes a realists approach; believes health and illness do exist "out there"
- Defines people as either healthy or ill → binary
- Examines how health and illness are distributed in populations
Eliot Freidson (1970) - CORRECT ANSWER - Dominance of the medical profession over other
healing traditions
- Scientific medicine was not necessarily more effective; rather, the status doctors achieved provided them
a monopoly in the provision of health services
- Medical doctors became the primary holders of medical knowledge
- Due to their dominance, medical doctors attained the power to determine what it means to be healthy
and who is sick
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Thomas Kuhn, 1962) - CORRECT ANSWER - Suggests
the history of science consists of paradigm shifts
- As a new paradigm gains popularity, the old paradigm becomes obsolete
- Scientific facts seen as social constructions
