HLTHAGE 1CC3 - Midterm 2 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
,Addiction The repetitive consumption of a substance, or
repetitive engagement in an activity, that is
considered to be problematic
Addiction in the 18th Century A distinction was made between "normal"
drinking and "abnormal" drinking
This began the process of medicalization of
addiction to a wide variety of substances, and
later to behaviours
Inebriety 18th century concept that likened abnormal
drinking to a physical illness, and referred to
"morbid cravings" for alcohol
19th Century Models of Addiction 1. Addiction as a genetic predisposition - led to
beliefs around individual degeneracy and
solutions such as institutionalization and
sterilization
2. Addiction as related to the substance itself -
associated with the temperance movement which
identified the substance (alcohol) as the source
of the problem
→ resulted in prohibition
Development of Medical Model of - In the 1900s, the term addiction was applied to
Addiction a wide range of compulsive behaviours, including
gambling, shopping, sex, etc.
- DSM-5 uses the term addiction and includes
nonchemical, behavioural addictions
Biomedical Model of Addiction - Sees addiction as a chronic brain disease
- Neurochemical changes in dopamine and
reward pathways
- Genetic vulnerability and loss of control
- Lifelong condition requiring management
, Strengths of the Biomedical Model - Reduces moral judgement and blame
- Supports medication-assisted treatment
- Encourages funding and insurance coverage
- Recognizes withdrawal and detox and medical
needs
Weaknesses of the Biomedical - Individualizes the problem
Model - Ignores trauma, poverty, racism and
colonization
- Encourages compliance over agency
- Focuses on symptom management rather than
root causes
Moral/Criminal Lens - Sees addiction as deviance, sin or crime
- Punishment and incarceration as primary
response
- Abstinence framed as moral requirement
The War on Drugs - Attempted to end the international trade in
drugs by directing military and police resources
towards eliminating trade and consumption of
drugs
- Although this has been a decades-long and
expensive endeavor, there is not evidence that
rates of addiction have been reduced
Decriminalizing Addiction - A response to the criminal model
- Portugal and Switzerland have both
implemented some form of decriminalization
with, overall, positive public health and economic
results
Questions and CORRECT Answers
,Addiction The repetitive consumption of a substance, or
repetitive engagement in an activity, that is
considered to be problematic
Addiction in the 18th Century A distinction was made between "normal"
drinking and "abnormal" drinking
This began the process of medicalization of
addiction to a wide variety of substances, and
later to behaviours
Inebriety 18th century concept that likened abnormal
drinking to a physical illness, and referred to
"morbid cravings" for alcohol
19th Century Models of Addiction 1. Addiction as a genetic predisposition - led to
beliefs around individual degeneracy and
solutions such as institutionalization and
sterilization
2. Addiction as related to the substance itself -
associated with the temperance movement which
identified the substance (alcohol) as the source
of the problem
→ resulted in prohibition
Development of Medical Model of - In the 1900s, the term addiction was applied to
Addiction a wide range of compulsive behaviours, including
gambling, shopping, sex, etc.
- DSM-5 uses the term addiction and includes
nonchemical, behavioural addictions
Biomedical Model of Addiction - Sees addiction as a chronic brain disease
- Neurochemical changes in dopamine and
reward pathways
- Genetic vulnerability and loss of control
- Lifelong condition requiring management
, Strengths of the Biomedical Model - Reduces moral judgement and blame
- Supports medication-assisted treatment
- Encourages funding and insurance coverage
- Recognizes withdrawal and detox and medical
needs
Weaknesses of the Biomedical - Individualizes the problem
Model - Ignores trauma, poverty, racism and
colonization
- Encourages compliance over agency
- Focuses on symptom management rather than
root causes
Moral/Criminal Lens - Sees addiction as deviance, sin or crime
- Punishment and incarceration as primary
response
- Abstinence framed as moral requirement
The War on Drugs - Attempted to end the international trade in
drugs by directing military and police resources
towards eliminating trade and consumption of
drugs
- Although this has been a decades-long and
expensive endeavor, there is not evidence that
rates of addiction have been reduced
Decriminalizing Addiction - A response to the criminal model
- Portugal and Switzerland have both
implemented some form of decriminalization
with, overall, positive public health and economic
results
