JMM Final Exam Review UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
advertising and circulation Historically, 2 sources of revenue for newspapers:
- local classified different advertising includes:
- local or"retail advertising"
- national advertising
classified and fragmenting decline in revenue on advertising front is called:
classifieds replaced by digital:
fragmenting long tail programmatic advertising:
nobody reads hard copies Circulation
- shifting readership trends:
- circulation revenues have morphed into digital subscription revenues
subscription for newspapers, they use circulation instead of
1690: Publick Occurrences History of Newspapers in the US (Colonial Era)
- first paper published in American colonies (first and only issue! Shut down
due to disparaging remarks about king of France)
British censorship History of Newspapers in the US (Colonial Era)
- Colonial newspapers subject to
New England Courant published by James Franklin History of Newspapers in the US (Colonial Era)
(Ben Franklin's older brother)
1721:
"By Authority" notice History of Newspapers in the US (Colonial Era)
New England Courant was the first paper published without ___ notice
(authority from the British Crown)
(James sent to prison for doing so, Ben takes over publishing paper
1735 John Peter Zenger acquitted of libel History of Newspapers in the US (Colonial Era)
first time American courts find truth a defense against libel claims
shipping news and political essays History of Newspapers in the US (Colonial Era)
Audience primarily wealthy elite as newspapers covered mostly
1760s and 1770s (political news,mercantiles) History of Newspapers in the US (Colonial Era)
British taxes on paper in the
, political parties (1780s-1820s) History of Newspapers in the US (Post Independence)
- published by:
news History of Newspapers in the US (Post Independence)
- focused on opinions and not
circulation, dominated by yearly subscriptions History of Newspapers in the US (Post Independence)
- expensive (about 6 cents per copy) and had small
1791 History of Newspapers in the US (Post Independence)
first amendment adopted in
1814 (The Times of London) History of Newspapers in the US (Post Independence)
steam powered printing press made in
mid-1800s, paper was made from wood pulp History of Newspapers in the US (Post Independence)
Paper mills made rag paper originally using cotton rags imported from Europe
but by
Newspaper Early "Enablers" • Industrial revolution
• Migration from rural communities to urban centers
• Increasing middle class, more literate, different reading tastes than elite’s
(shipping news and political essays)
• Steam powered rotary press
• Lower price and easier production of paper
• Improved literacy (more people could read)
Penny Press Revolution during this era, penny press focused on news, for the average reader, not the
elite
The New York Sun – “It shines for all” Benjamin Day's idea in 1883:
Benjamin Day’s idea in 1883: The New York Sun – “It -Sold on the street for one or two cents
shines for all” • Increased popularity/circulation led to increased advertising revenues
• Supported primarily by advertising and to a lesser extent circulation revenues
• Other newspapers focused on political essays, often sponsored by political
parties
democracy birth of the press as objective and independent was crucial for
Colonial Era, History of Newspapers in US (post remember these time periods:
independence), Newspaper Early "Enablers"Penny
Press Revolution
news deserts A community, either rural or urban, where residents don't have access to fact-
based local news or information
2,500 local news operations have closed (more than In the last 20 years about
360 of them since the pandemic)
CORRECT Answers
advertising and circulation Historically, 2 sources of revenue for newspapers:
- local classified different advertising includes:
- local or"retail advertising"
- national advertising
classified and fragmenting decline in revenue on advertising front is called:
classifieds replaced by digital:
fragmenting long tail programmatic advertising:
nobody reads hard copies Circulation
- shifting readership trends:
- circulation revenues have morphed into digital subscription revenues
subscription for newspapers, they use circulation instead of
1690: Publick Occurrences History of Newspapers in the US (Colonial Era)
- first paper published in American colonies (first and only issue! Shut down
due to disparaging remarks about king of France)
British censorship History of Newspapers in the US (Colonial Era)
- Colonial newspapers subject to
New England Courant published by James Franklin History of Newspapers in the US (Colonial Era)
(Ben Franklin's older brother)
1721:
"By Authority" notice History of Newspapers in the US (Colonial Era)
New England Courant was the first paper published without ___ notice
(authority from the British Crown)
(James sent to prison for doing so, Ben takes over publishing paper
1735 John Peter Zenger acquitted of libel History of Newspapers in the US (Colonial Era)
first time American courts find truth a defense against libel claims
shipping news and political essays History of Newspapers in the US (Colonial Era)
Audience primarily wealthy elite as newspapers covered mostly
1760s and 1770s (political news,mercantiles) History of Newspapers in the US (Colonial Era)
British taxes on paper in the
, political parties (1780s-1820s) History of Newspapers in the US (Post Independence)
- published by:
news History of Newspapers in the US (Post Independence)
- focused on opinions and not
circulation, dominated by yearly subscriptions History of Newspapers in the US (Post Independence)
- expensive (about 6 cents per copy) and had small
1791 History of Newspapers in the US (Post Independence)
first amendment adopted in
1814 (The Times of London) History of Newspapers in the US (Post Independence)
steam powered printing press made in
mid-1800s, paper was made from wood pulp History of Newspapers in the US (Post Independence)
Paper mills made rag paper originally using cotton rags imported from Europe
but by
Newspaper Early "Enablers" • Industrial revolution
• Migration from rural communities to urban centers
• Increasing middle class, more literate, different reading tastes than elite’s
(shipping news and political essays)
• Steam powered rotary press
• Lower price and easier production of paper
• Improved literacy (more people could read)
Penny Press Revolution during this era, penny press focused on news, for the average reader, not the
elite
The New York Sun – “It shines for all” Benjamin Day's idea in 1883:
Benjamin Day’s idea in 1883: The New York Sun – “It -Sold on the street for one or two cents
shines for all” • Increased popularity/circulation led to increased advertising revenues
• Supported primarily by advertising and to a lesser extent circulation revenues
• Other newspapers focused on political essays, often sponsored by political
parties
democracy birth of the press as objective and independent was crucial for
Colonial Era, History of Newspapers in US (post remember these time periods:
independence), Newspaper Early "Enablers"Penny
Press Revolution
news deserts A community, either rural or urban, where residents don't have access to fact-
based local news or information
2,500 local news operations have closed (more than In the last 20 years about
360 of them since the pandemic)
