JEN LEIK FNP UPDATED Questions and
CORRECT Answers
A 28-year-old student is seen in the school health clinic with complaints of a hacking cough that is
productive of small amounts of sputum and a runny nose. He does not take any medications, denies any
allergies, and has no significant medical history. Physical examination reveals a low-grade temperature of
99.9 degrees Fahrenheit, respirations of 16/min, a pulse of 90 beats per minute, and diffuse fine crackles
in the base of the lungs. A chest radiograph (x-ray) shows diffuse infiltrates on the lower lobe of the right
lung. The total white blood cell count is 10,500/uL. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Streptococcal pneumonia
B) Mycoplasma pneumonia
C) Acute bronchitis
D) Legionnaires disease - CORRECT ANSWER - B) Mycoplasma pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia is the organism most commonly seen in children and young adults. It is easily
spread from droplets, from sneezing and coughing, in close proximity. Diagnosis is based on symptoms
and x-ray results of infiltrates in lower lobes.
Which of the following antihypertensive medications has beneficial effects for an elderly White female
with osteoporosis?
A) Calcium channel blocker
B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
C) Beta-blocker
D) Diuretic - CORRECT ANSWER - A) Calcium channel blocker
Calcium channel blockers act by blocking the cal- cium channels in the heart muscle and the blood
vessels, thereby keeping more calcium in the bones.
All of the following are false statements regarding acute gastritis except:
,A) Chronic intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause the disorder
B) Chronic lack of dietary fiber is the main cause of the disorder
C) The screening test for the disorder is the barium swallow test
D) The gold standard to evaluate the disorder is a colonoscopy - CORRECT ANSWER - C) The
screening test for the disorder is the barium swallow test
The gold standard for diagnosing gastric disease is biopsy of gastric and/or duodenal tissue by upper
endoscopy. Chronic use of NSAIDs disrupts the production of prostaglandins, which decreases blood
supply and then breaks down the protective layer of the mucosa, which leads to gastric disease.
Epidemiologic studies show that Hashimoto's disease occurs most commonly in:
A) Middle-aged to older women
B) Smokers
C) Obese individuals
D) Older men - CORRECT ANSWER - A) Middle-aged to older women
Hashimoto's disease commonly occurs in middle-aged to older women.
A 63-year-old patient with a 10-year history of poorly controlled hypertension presents with a cluster of
physical exam findings. Which of the following indicate target organ damage commonly seen in
hypertensive patients?
A) Pedal edema, hepatomegaly, and enlarged kidneys
B) Hepatomegaly, AV nicking, bibasilar crackles
C) Renal infection, S3, neuromuscular abnormalities
D) Glaucoma, jugular vein atrophy, heart failure - CORRECT ANSWER - B) Hepatomegaly, AV
nicking, bibasilar crackles
,With long-term, uncontrolled hypertension, organ damage may occur. Organs commonly affected include:
brain (stroke), eyes (retinopathy, AV nicking, bleeding, blindness), heart (heart dis- ease, left ventricular
hypertrophy, MI, and/or CHF), and kidneys (renal failure, proteinuria).
While performing a Pap smear on a postmenopausal patient, several areas of flat white skin lesions that
are irregularly shaped are found on the patient's labia. The patient reports that the lesions are extremely
itchy and have been present for several years without much change. Which condition is best described?
A) Chronic scabies infection
B) Lichen sclerosus
C) Chronic candidal vaginitis
D) A physiologic variant found in some older women - CORRECT ANSWER - B) Lichen sclerosus
Lichen sclerosus is a disease of the skin, in which white spots appear on the skin and change over time. It
is most commonly seen in the genital and rectal areas, but can appear in other areas. The spots are usually
shiny and smooth and can eventually spread into patches. The skin appears thin and crinkled. Then the
skin tears easily, and bright red or purple bruises are common. Sometimes, the skin becomes scarred. If
the disease is a mild case, there may be no symptoms
The heart sound S2 is caused by:
A) Closure of the atrioventricular valves
B) Closure of the semilunar valves
C) Opening of the atrioventricular valves
D) Opening of the semilunar valves - CORRECT ANSWER - B) Closure of the semilunar valves
The heart sound S2 is caused by closure of the semilunar valves.
Jason, an 8-year-old with type 1 diabetes, is being seen for a 3-day history of fre- quency and nocturia. He
denies flank pain and is afebrile. The urinalysis result is negative for blood and nitrites but is positive for
, a large amount of leukocytes and ketones. He has a trace amount of protein. Which of the following is the
best test to order initially?
A) Urine for culture and sensitivity
B) 24-hour urine for protein and creatinine clearance
C) 24-hour urine for microalbumin
D) An intravenous pyelogram - CORRECT ANSWER - A) Urine for culture and sensitivity
An 8-year-old male patient with the diagnosis of diabetes has a high risk of urinary tract infections. A
large amount of leukocytes in the urinalysis is abnormal and he has been having symptoms of frequency
and nocturia for the past 3 days. The urine culture would be ordered because he has a high risk of
infection. The urine culture and sensitivity (C&S) is the best evaluation for diagnosing a urinary tract
infection.
The best test for diagnosing congenital glaucoma is which of the following?
A) Fluorescein staining
B) Tonometry
C) Snellen vision exam
D) The refractive index - CORRECT ANSWER - B) Tonometry
A tonometer is used to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the eye to screen for glaucoma. Normal
range IOP is 10-22 mm Hg.
All of the following are false statements about atopic dermatitis except:
A) Contact with cold objects may exacerbate the condition
B) It does not have a linear distribution
C) It is associated with bullae
D) The lesions have vesicles that are full of serous exudate - CORRECT ANSWER - B) It does not
have a linear distribution
CORRECT Answers
A 28-year-old student is seen in the school health clinic with complaints of a hacking cough that is
productive of small amounts of sputum and a runny nose. He does not take any medications, denies any
allergies, and has no significant medical history. Physical examination reveals a low-grade temperature of
99.9 degrees Fahrenheit, respirations of 16/min, a pulse of 90 beats per minute, and diffuse fine crackles
in the base of the lungs. A chest radiograph (x-ray) shows diffuse infiltrates on the lower lobe of the right
lung. The total white blood cell count is 10,500/uL. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Streptococcal pneumonia
B) Mycoplasma pneumonia
C) Acute bronchitis
D) Legionnaires disease - CORRECT ANSWER - B) Mycoplasma pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia is the organism most commonly seen in children and young adults. It is easily
spread from droplets, from sneezing and coughing, in close proximity. Diagnosis is based on symptoms
and x-ray results of infiltrates in lower lobes.
Which of the following antihypertensive medications has beneficial effects for an elderly White female
with osteoporosis?
A) Calcium channel blocker
B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
C) Beta-blocker
D) Diuretic - CORRECT ANSWER - A) Calcium channel blocker
Calcium channel blockers act by blocking the cal- cium channels in the heart muscle and the blood
vessels, thereby keeping more calcium in the bones.
All of the following are false statements regarding acute gastritis except:
,A) Chronic intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause the disorder
B) Chronic lack of dietary fiber is the main cause of the disorder
C) The screening test for the disorder is the barium swallow test
D) The gold standard to evaluate the disorder is a colonoscopy - CORRECT ANSWER - C) The
screening test for the disorder is the barium swallow test
The gold standard for diagnosing gastric disease is biopsy of gastric and/or duodenal tissue by upper
endoscopy. Chronic use of NSAIDs disrupts the production of prostaglandins, which decreases blood
supply and then breaks down the protective layer of the mucosa, which leads to gastric disease.
Epidemiologic studies show that Hashimoto's disease occurs most commonly in:
A) Middle-aged to older women
B) Smokers
C) Obese individuals
D) Older men - CORRECT ANSWER - A) Middle-aged to older women
Hashimoto's disease commonly occurs in middle-aged to older women.
A 63-year-old patient with a 10-year history of poorly controlled hypertension presents with a cluster of
physical exam findings. Which of the following indicate target organ damage commonly seen in
hypertensive patients?
A) Pedal edema, hepatomegaly, and enlarged kidneys
B) Hepatomegaly, AV nicking, bibasilar crackles
C) Renal infection, S3, neuromuscular abnormalities
D) Glaucoma, jugular vein atrophy, heart failure - CORRECT ANSWER - B) Hepatomegaly, AV
nicking, bibasilar crackles
,With long-term, uncontrolled hypertension, organ damage may occur. Organs commonly affected include:
brain (stroke), eyes (retinopathy, AV nicking, bleeding, blindness), heart (heart dis- ease, left ventricular
hypertrophy, MI, and/or CHF), and kidneys (renal failure, proteinuria).
While performing a Pap smear on a postmenopausal patient, several areas of flat white skin lesions that
are irregularly shaped are found on the patient's labia. The patient reports that the lesions are extremely
itchy and have been present for several years without much change. Which condition is best described?
A) Chronic scabies infection
B) Lichen sclerosus
C) Chronic candidal vaginitis
D) A physiologic variant found in some older women - CORRECT ANSWER - B) Lichen sclerosus
Lichen sclerosus is a disease of the skin, in which white spots appear on the skin and change over time. It
is most commonly seen in the genital and rectal areas, but can appear in other areas. The spots are usually
shiny and smooth and can eventually spread into patches. The skin appears thin and crinkled. Then the
skin tears easily, and bright red or purple bruises are common. Sometimes, the skin becomes scarred. If
the disease is a mild case, there may be no symptoms
The heart sound S2 is caused by:
A) Closure of the atrioventricular valves
B) Closure of the semilunar valves
C) Opening of the atrioventricular valves
D) Opening of the semilunar valves - CORRECT ANSWER - B) Closure of the semilunar valves
The heart sound S2 is caused by closure of the semilunar valves.
Jason, an 8-year-old with type 1 diabetes, is being seen for a 3-day history of fre- quency and nocturia. He
denies flank pain and is afebrile. The urinalysis result is negative for blood and nitrites but is positive for
, a large amount of leukocytes and ketones. He has a trace amount of protein. Which of the following is the
best test to order initially?
A) Urine for culture and sensitivity
B) 24-hour urine for protein and creatinine clearance
C) 24-hour urine for microalbumin
D) An intravenous pyelogram - CORRECT ANSWER - A) Urine for culture and sensitivity
An 8-year-old male patient with the diagnosis of diabetes has a high risk of urinary tract infections. A
large amount of leukocytes in the urinalysis is abnormal and he has been having symptoms of frequency
and nocturia for the past 3 days. The urine culture would be ordered because he has a high risk of
infection. The urine culture and sensitivity (C&S) is the best evaluation for diagnosing a urinary tract
infection.
The best test for diagnosing congenital glaucoma is which of the following?
A) Fluorescein staining
B) Tonometry
C) Snellen vision exam
D) The refractive index - CORRECT ANSWER - B) Tonometry
A tonometer is used to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the eye to screen for glaucoma. Normal
range IOP is 10-22 mm Hg.
All of the following are false statements about atopic dermatitis except:
A) Contact with cold objects may exacerbate the condition
B) It does not have a linear distribution
C) It is associated with bullae
D) The lesions have vesicles that are full of serous exudate - CORRECT ANSWER - B) It does not
have a linear distribution
